Anatomy And Physiology Ch. 7

Front 1

What are bone resorbing cells called?

Back 1

Osteoclasts

Front 2

What kind of ossification begins within a connective tissue membrane and form flat bones?

Back 2

Intramembranous ossification

Front 3

What kind of cartilage makes up the intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis?

Back 3

Fibrocartilage

Front 4

What are the four different types of bones structurally?

Back 4

flat, long, short, and irregular

Front 5

What are thin needle-like bony spicules arranged along lines of stress?

Back 5

Trabeculae

Front 6

What are the five functions of bone?

Back 6

support, protect, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoeisis

Front 7

What kind of ossification begins as a cartilage model with bone formation spreading from the center to the ends?

Back 7

Endochondral ossification

Front 8

What kind of cartilage covers the eds of articulating bones, forms costal cartilage, rings of trachea, and the tip of the nose?

Back 8

Hyaline cartilage

Front 9

What is the main shaft of long bones called?

Back 9

diaphysis

Front 10

What two things are necessary for repair and maintenance of bone and cartilage?

Back 10

Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate

Front 11

What are the three types of cartilage?

Back 11

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Front 12

What is a bacterial infection of the bone with pain, inflammation, and tenderness to the touch?

Back 12

Osteomyelitis

Front 13

What are the bone forming cells that secrete osteoid as a part of the organic matrix?

Back 13

Osteoblasts

Front 14

What are the chondrocytes and how do they recieve oxygen and nutrients?

Back 14

Cartilage cells; via diffusion through through the perichondrium

Front 15

What kind of cartilage makes up the external ear, epiglottis, and eustachian tubes?

Back 15

Elastic cartilage

Front 16

What are the structural units of bone that permit delivery of nutrients and removal of waste from the bone?

Back 16

Osteon/Haversion system

Front 17

What is the thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface of the bone called?

Back 17

Articular cartilage

Front 18

What are the four structures that make up the osteon?

Back 18

lamelae, lacunae, canaliculi, and haversion canal

Front 19

What happens when blood passing through the parathyroid gland had a below normal calcium level?

Back 19

Osteoclast activity is stimulated

Front 20

What is a disease characterized by brittle porous bones that are more suseptible to fracture?

Back 20

Osteoporosis

Front 21

What is an active, mature bone cell that lives in the lacunae called?

Back 21

Osteocyte

Front 22

What is the end of a long bone called?

Back 22

Epiphysis

Front 23

What is hydroxyappetite made up of and what does it contribute to?

Back 23

Calcium and phosphate; contributes to the hardness of bone

Front 24

What are the two diseases that can result from a vitamine D deficiency?

Back 24

Rickets and osteomalacia

Front 25

What is the plate called that will remain between the epiphysis and diaphysis until the growth is done?

Back 25

Epiphyseal plate

Front 26

What is responsible for the prduction of red blood cells?

Back 26

Red bone marrow

Front 27

What helps to maintain our blood calcium levels by stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclast activity inresponse to high levels of blood calcium?

Back 27

Calcitonin

Front 28

After a fracture, what tissue is formed that specializes in repair?

Back 28

Callus tissue

Front 29

Which layer of the epiphyseal plate undergoes calcification causing the bone to grow in length?

Back 29

4th layer also called the zone of calcification

Front 30

What is another name for the marrow cavity in the diaphysis of long bones?

Back 30

Medullary cavity

Front 31

Who is osteoporosis most commonly found in?

Back 31

elderly white women

Front 32

What is it called when chondrocytes in the deep layer of the perichondrium begin to divide and secrete additional matrix and additional osseous tissue is added to the outer surface of the bone?

Back 32

Appositional growth

Front 33

What is the white fibrous membrane that covers bone called?

Back 33

Periosteum

Front 34

What are the openings between the vertebrae where nerves exit called?

Back 34

Intervertebral foramen

Front 35

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body called?

Back 35

Patella

Front 36

What is the structure that forms the pivot on which the atlas rotates called?

Back 36

The odontoid process or dens

Front 37

How do the ribs join the sternum?

Back 37

Costal cartilage

Front 38

What three bones is the coxal bone made up of?

Back 38

illium, ischium, and pubis

Front 39

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

Back 39

12 pairs

Front 40

What structure can be broken with the upward abdominal thrust?

Back 40

Xiphoid process

Front 41

What kind of fracture is described as bone crushed and may appear crumbled?

Back 41

Comminuted fracture

Front 42

What two essential parts that make up a vertebra?

Back 42

The body and the neural arch

Front 43

What are the functions of the spinal curvature? (4)

Back 43

To increase carrying strength, balance, protects spinal columns, and absorbs jolts and shock

Front 44

What kind of fracture does the broken bone projects through skin and surrounding tissue?

Back 44

Compound fracture

Front 45

When does the skeleton become fully ossified?

Back 45

in the mid20's

Front 46

What bones make up the axial skeleton?

Back 46

head, neck, torso, and middle ear bones

Front 47

Rounded prominence at the end of a bone, could be part of a joint

Back 47

Condyle

Front 48

A sac or cavity in an organ or tissue

Back 48

Sinus

Front 49

A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body

Back 49

Process

Front 50

A projection or protuberance, especially one at the end of a bone for the attachment of a muscle or tendon

Back 50

Tuberosity

Front 51

A depression or fissure in the surface of an organ

Back 51

Sulcus