Anatomy And Physiology Ch 4

Front 1

Tissue

Back 1

Group of cells that usually have a common origin and function together to carry out specialized actuviries

Front 2

Histology

Back 2

Study of tissues

Front 3

Pathologist

Back 3

A physician who examines cells and tissues to help other physicians make accurate diagnosis

Front 4

4 types of body tissue

Back 4

Epithelial

Connective

Muscular

Nervous

Front 5

3 characteristics of epithelial tissue

Back 5

1. Covers body surfaces lines hollow organs body cavities and ducts

2.forms glands

3. Allows body to interact with both its internal and external environments

Front 6

3 characteristics of connective tissue

Back 6

1. Supports and protects

2. Binds organs together

3. Stores energy reserves as fat

Front 7

Function of muscle tissue

Back 7

Has the ability to contract to produce movement

Front 8

Function of Nervous tissue

Back 8

Generates an action potential or nerve impulse that activates glandular secretions and muscular contractions

Front 9

9 features of epithelial tissue

Back 9

Closely packed cells

Arranged in sheets

Sits on basement membrane

Plentiful cell junctions

Surfaces

Avascular

Has a nerve supply

High mitotic rate

Protection, filtration, secretion and absorption are the function

Front 10

Function of simple cells

Back 10

Diffusion, osmosis filtration secretion and absorption

Front 11

Function of stratified cells

Back 11

Protection

Front 12

Function of pseudostratified cells

Back 12

Secretion. May have cilia or goblet cells

Front 13

Function of squamous cells

Back 13

Rapid movement of substances

Front 14

Function of Cuboidal cells

Back 14

Secretion and absorption

Front 15

Function of columnar cells

Back 15

Secretion or absorption. May have cilia or microvili

Front 16

Where are simple squamous cells found?

Back 16

Sites of filtration; lungs and kidneys

Front 17

Where are simple cuboidal cells found

Back 17

Ovaries lines kidneys small ducts and many glands. Makes up secreting portion of some glands

Front 18

Where are nonciliated columnar cells found (contains goblet cells or microvili)

Back 18

Gastrointestinal and gallbladder

Front 19

Where are ciliated simple columnar cells found?

Back 19

Falopian tubes and some bronchials of the respiratory tract

Front 20

Where are pseudostratified columnar cells found

Back 20

Secretes mucus that traps particles in the respiratory tract

Front 21

Where are keratinized stratified squamous cells found?

Back 21

Superficial layers of the skin

Front 22

Where are nonkeratinized stratified squamous cells found

Back 22

Areas that want to retain moisture. Vagina mouth esophagus

Front 23

Where are stratified cuboidal cells found

Back 23

Rare. Found in adult sweat glands

Front 24

Where are stratified columnar cells found

Back 24

Protection and secretion. Found in urethra and ducts of some glands

Front 25

How do transitional cells change in the bladder or urethra

Back 25

Stratified cuboidal —-> stratified squamous

Front 26

How do holocrine glands function

Back 26

Cells ruptures in the process of secreting product. (Oil goands)

Front 27

How do merocrine glands function

Back 27

Most common gland. Works through exocytosis. (salivary, pancreas)

Front 28

How do apocrine glands work

Back 28

Product is made within the cell and pinched off and secreted (mammary glands)

Front 29

Function of connective tissue

Back 29

Supports and protects

Front 30

5 features of connective tissue

Back 30

1. Widely spaced cells with a lot of variety that float in abundant extracellular matrix

2. Does not usually occur on free surfaces

3. Has a nerve supply except cartilage

4. Has a rich blood supply except for cartilage and tendons

5. Matrix may be fluid semi fluid or calcified. Matrix is created by connective tissue

Front 31

What is the most common cell found in connective tissue

Back 31

Fibroblasts

Front 32

Function of collagen fibers

Back 32

Strength and elasticity

Front 33

Elastic fibers function

Back 33

Creates elasticity that allows tissue to be stretched up to 150%

Front 34

Reticular fiber function

Back 34

Branching. Creates stroma that supports soft organs

Front 35

Macrophage function

Back 35

Phagocytosis. Type of white blood cell

Front 36

Plasma cell function

Back 36

Develop from lymphocytes and create antibodies. Found in nonkeratinized tissue

Front 37

Mast cells function

Back 37

Release histomine and tend to tissue damage. Most abundant in red blood cells

Front 38

Where does connective tissue develop from

Back 38

Mesenchyme

Front 39

Areolar loose connective tissue function

Back 39

Forms subcutaneous layer that attaches skin to underlying tissues and organs

Front 40

Function of reticular loose connective tissue

Back 40

Forms stroma that supportssoft organs

Front 41

Function of dense regular connective tissue

Back 41

Designed for pulling in 1 direction. Found in tendons and ligaments and mainly made of collagen

Front 42

Function of dense irregular connective tissue

Back 42

Withstands pulling in many directions. (Heart valves pericardium)

Front 43

Dense connective elastic tissue function

Back 43

Stretch. (Lungs, arteries trachea)

Front 44

How does cartilage form

Back 44

Chondroblasts lay the matrix then mature into chondrocytes

Front 45

What is the most abundant cartilage

Back 45

Hyaline. Found where long bones meet bone. (Larynx, nose and knee)

Front 46

What is the strongest cartilage and where is it found

Back 46

Fibrocartilage. Veryebral discs and miniscus (pads between bones)

Front 47

Where is elastic cartilage found and what is its function

Back 47

Strength and elasticity. External upper ear.

Front 48

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments

Back 48

Tendons attach muscle to bone ligaments attach bone to bone

Front 49

What is the difference between an osteon and trabeculae

Back 49

Osteon is found in compact bone trabeculae is found in spongy bone

Front 50

Features of skeletal muscle

Back 50

Multinucleated striated and voluntary

Front 51

Features of cardiac muscle

Back 51

Striated and involuntary

Front 52

Features of smooth muscle

Back 52

Involuntary and non striated. Spindle shaped cells found in arteries gastrointestinal tract and uterus. Function is motion

Front 53

What is the difference between neurons and neuroglia

Back 53

Neurons generate the nerve impulse neuroglia support neurons

Front 54

6 functions of the skin

Back 54

1. Thermoregulation

2. Blood reservoir 8-10% of blood is moving through skin

3. Protection

4. Sensations

5. Excretion and absorption

6. Synthesis of vitamin d

Front 55

What compound is formed from vitamin d synthesis

Back 55

Calcitriol

Front 56

What is the name of the receptor that detects pressure in the skin

Back 56

Lamellated corpuscles

Front 57

What is the order of the layers of the skin from superficial to deep

Back 57

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous

Front 58

What is the function of langerhans cells in the skin

Back 58

White blood cell that provides immunity

Front 59

Function of merkel cell in the skin

Back 59

Detects touch

Front 60

Layers of the skin from deep to superficial

Back 60

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum corneum

Front 61

What type of tissue is the dermis made of

Back 61

Dense irregular connective tissue

Front 62

What are striae

Back 62

Stretch marks

Front 63

Where are oil glands absent

Back 63

Palms of hands and soles of feet

Front 64

Where are oil glands largest

Back 64

Breasts face neck and superior chest

Front 65

What do ceruminous glands produce

Back 65

Ear wax or cerumen

Front 66

Order of phases in deep wound healing

Back 66

Inflammatory

Migratory

Proliferative

Maturation