Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

what highly unusual properties make water the most important inorganic compound?

Back 1

-Solubility
-Reactivity
-High Heat Capacity
-Lubrication

Front 2

What is the difference between a solvent and a solute?

Back 2

Solvent- medium in which other atoms, ions, or molecules are disperesed
Solute- dispersed substances

Front 3

electrolytes

Back 3

soluable inorganic molecules whoes ions will conduct and electrical current in a solution

Front 4

hydrophilic

hydrophobic

Back 4

molecules (glucose) interact readily with water molecules

molecules that don't readily interect with water molecules

Front 5

acid

Back 5

any solute that dissociates (breaks apart) in a solution and releases hydrogen ions, and lowering pH

Front 6

base

Back 6

solute that removes hydrogen ions from a solution and therby acts as a proton acceptor

Front 7

accidity is measuered by the?

Back 7

pH scale

Front 8

pH is a measure of the concentration of what ion?

Back 8

hydrogen (H+)

Front 9

As the pH of a solution becomes lower (toward pH 1) is the solution increasing or decreasing in acidity?

Back 9

increasing

Front 10

by what factor does acidity change between pH units?

Back 10

increasing concentration of H+ or OH-

Front 11

Many fluids approx. have a neutral pH. what is the pH of blood? Is it neutral?

Back 11

7.35 to 7.45

-its close to neutral but its basic

Front 12

How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid?

Back 12

strong acids dissociate completely in a solution while weak acids fail to

Front 13

whats a buffer? Name one of the body's most important buffers.

Back 13

-compunds that stabalize the pH of a solution by removing or replacing H+ ions... water?

Front 14

what elements are found in all organic compounds?

Back 14

C, O, H

Front 15

Whats carbohydrate?

Back 15

organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1

Front 16

carbohydrates are built from?

Back 16

sugars and starches

Front 17

monosaccharides

Back 17

.:: simple sugars ::.
carbohydrate containing 3-7 carbon atoms

Front 18

common pentose and hexose sugars? write formulas and draw symbols

Back 18

pentose (5-carbon) C5 H10 O5

hextose (6-carbon) C6 H12 O6

Front 19

dissaccharides

Back 19

when 2 monosaccharides join together

Front 20

which monossachrides form together to form sucrose? lactose? maltose?

Back 20

glucose+fructose= sucrose
glucose+glactose= lactose
glucose+glucose= maltose

Front 21

polysacchrides

Back 21

large molecules made up of glucose

Front 22

Most important plant polysaccahrides in our diet? which monos. comine to form poly? which body cells store the poly?

Back 22

starch

stored in liver and skeletal muscle

Front 23

what are the major functions of carbohydrates in our bodies?

Back 23

energy sources

Front 24

Lipids are bulidt from what elements?

Back 24

C, O, H- but much less O

sometimes (P, N, S)

Front 25

how does the compostion of lipids differ from the compostion of carbohydrates? how are they reflected in respective solubilites?

Back 25

lipids contain less oxygen than carbohydrates --> And lipids are not soluable in water

Front 26

Describe the structure of a fatty acid.

Back 26

long carbon chains with Hydrogen attoms attached

Front 27

what does it mean if a fatty acid is saturated or unsaturated?

Back 27

saturated- All single bonds
(solid animal fat)
unsaturated- 1 or more double bonds (plant oils)

Front 28

structure of a neutral fat or triglyceride

Back 28

glycerol + three fatty acids

Front 29

major functions of triglyceride in our bodies

Back 29

energy source, Insulation, and protection
( are stored in the body as lipid droplets within cells)

Front 30

what element in addition are included in a phospolipid?

Back 30

- 2 fatty acid
- P phosphate
(very polar)

Front 31

what are the major functions of phospholipids in the body?

Back 31

An important membrane lipid whose structure includes both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Front 32

hydrophilic

Back 32

describes molecules that interact readily with water

Front 33

hydrophobic

Back 33

describes molecules that do not interact readily with water

Front 34

what is a glycolipid? how does a glycolipid differ from a phospholipid?

Back 34

glycolipid- compounds created by the combination of carbohydrate and lipid components
phospolipids- links to non lipid grounp where the carbohydrate is attacked by diglyceride in glycolipid

Front 35

are steriods soluable in water or fat?

Back 35

fat

Front 36

which steriod is the basic structural component of all other steriods in the body?

Back 36

cholesterol

Front 37

What are some functions of steriods?

Back 37

growth, reprodection, and protection from stress
absorption of Ca and fat

Front 38

Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. What molecule is used to build prostaglandins?

Back 38

fatty acids... (lipids)

Front 39

what are some funtions of prostaglandins?

Back 39

chemical messengers, coordinating local cellulat activites

Front 40

All proteins contain these elements!
and what addition element is found in some?

Back 40

C, O, H, N

(S)

Front 41

Proteins are built by linking smaller molecules in long chains. Name the smaller molecules.

Back 41

Amino acids (AA)

Front 42

Describe Amino Acid

Back 42

-proteins that consist of long chains of organic molecules
(what we use to build proteins)

Front 43

Describe primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins.

Back 43

primary- single string of AA
secondary- helix
tertiary-globular and fiborus
quartenary- 2 or more polypeptide chains

Front 44

how do globular proteins differ from fibrous? are the both soluable in water?

Back 44

globular- working proteins/ enzymes form glob. proteins
fibrous-ropelike, collogen, keratin, insol. in water

Front 45

some functions of globular and fibrous proteins in the body.

Back 45

globular- antibodies, control chem. reactions
fibrous- play structural roles, insoluable

Front 46

is an enzyme a globular protein, or a fibrous?

Back 46

globular

Front 47

what are enzymes named?
what is the function of an enzyme?

Back 47

- catalysts
reations to sustain life

Front 48

can an enzyme catalyze many different reactions?

Back 48

each enzyme catalizes 1 reaction
( they dont change chemically)

Front 49

What happends to a protein when it is denatured? How does denaturation affect protein function?

Back 49

- shape is changed
-they can not carry out their function

Front 50

Can a denatured protein be "fixed"?

Back 50

-permanent/ irreversible like an eggwhite
-temporary/ reversible like a fever