Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

what is Proteus?

Back 1

True membrane, unicellular

Front 2

Give the General Characterists of AMOEBAS

Back 2

BODY TYPE/COMPOSITION: Cytoplasm enclosed by plasmalemma (plasma + lemma or skin)
MOVEMENT: Pseudopodia (false Feet)
REPRODUCTION: Asexual (binary Fission)
NUTRITION: Ingestion
LIFE STRATEGY: Mostly free living, except parasitic

Front 3

Plhylum Euglenozoa and Chloraphyta (free-living flagellates)

Back 3

BODY TYPE/COMPOSISTION: Pellicle Secreted cy ectoplasm
MOVEMENT: Flagellum
REPRODUCTION: Longitudinal
fissioN
NUTITION: holophytic
LIFE STATEGY: free, some are parasitic

Front 4

Trypanosoma (Phylumm Euglenozoa)

Back 4

NUTRITION: absorption
TRANSMISSION: bug bites
African Sleeping Sickness
Chagas' disease
WHERE IT LIVES: Blodd/tissue of all vertebrates

*lack cloraplast

Front 5

Trichomonas

Back 5

CAUSES: Vaginitis (sexually transmitted, or wet towels)
PHYLUM: Axostylata

Front 6

Gairdia Lambia

Back 6

CAUSES: Transmission through feces contaminated water
OTHER NAMES: Beaver fever (severe diarrhea)

Front 7

Phylum Apicomplexan

Back 7

BODY TYPE: endoparasidic
MOVEMENT: gliding or body changing
REPRODUCTION: Multiple fission (Schizogony)
NUTRITION: Absorbed (Asmotrophic)
LIFE STATEGY: cause disease (malaria)

Front 8

Plasmodium

Back 8

CAUSES: Malaria
2 hosts
LIVES: red blood cells

Front 9

Toxoplasma Gondii

Back 9

CAUSES: Toxoplamosis
Oocysts transmits through cat feces, or ingestion of undercooked meat of infected animal
Hepatitis, Neurological Hysfunction, Blindness, Pneumonia, still birth or birth defects

Front 10

Phylum Ciliophora

Back 10

BODY TYPE: Outer Ectoplasm/Inner endoplasm
MOVEMENT: Cilia
REPRODUCTION: Bianry Fission
NUTRITION: ingestion Holozok
LIFE STATEGY: Decaying organic matter
Body surrounded by pellicle

Front 11

Cell Membrane

Back 11

FUNCTION: Control entry and exit of Ions
Selectivly permeable double layer membrane of phospholipids with glycoproteins
Protection

Front 12

Pinocytic Cesicle

Back 12

Piece of membrane that pinches into the cell to ingest materials

Front 13

Cytoplasm

Back 13

Between Nuclius and Cell membrane hold organelles

Front 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 14

Protein synthesis and transport
stacs folded membrane that extends from Nuclear envolop/membrane

Front 15

Ribosomes

Back 15

make protein
made from rRNA and protein

Front 16

Golgi Body

Back 16

Storage
made up of Protein
maturing face is protein products bud off membrane

Front 17

Lysosome

Back 17

With Digestive enzumes
may rupture as suiced sacs to destroy diseased cell

Front 18

Mitochondria
"Power House"

Back 18

Site of ATP Synthesis
Cristae- fold eith mitochondia

Front 19

Vacuole

Back 19

Storage
Regulates Pressure in sell
Example Aloe

Front 20

Nucleus

Back 20

Control Center
Houses Chromatin (made up of DNA)

Front 21

Nucleolus

Back 21

in Nucleus
Special area of chromosomes that make of rRNA

Front 22

Nuclear membrane

Back 22

double lipid layer with pores to allow (messanger)RNA out of nucleus

Front 23

Mictofilaments

Back 23

include actin protein
thin, linear
reponsible for contraction

Front 24

Pseudopodia

Back 24

false foot
movement
on Amoeba

Front 25

Cilia and Flagella

Back 25

extention of cell membrane
movement
made of microtubules
9 + 2 arrangement= 9 inside, 2 pair in the middle

Front 26

Included in Interphase

Back 26

G1 S G2 M

Front 27

Interphase

Back 27

Period of no cell division
most mitosis happens her
cell carries out routine activites

Front 28

G1

Back 28

RNA ribosomes, enzymes are made to prpare for DNA synthesis

Front 29

S

Back 29

DNA Sythesis/ Duplication

Front 30

G2

Back 30

Spindle fiber proteins are made and form band around nucleus

Front 31

Mitosis

Back 31

Cell Division

Front 32

Prophase

Back 32

Chromatin condenses to Chromosomes
Nuclear membrane dossp;bes
Centrids/ centromenes duplicate and migrate to poles

Front 33

Metaphase

Back 33

Chromosomes align in middle of cell

Front 34

Anaphase

Back 34

Centromere splits each goes with its own chromosomes
chromosomes moves to opposite poles spindle fibers shorten

Front 35

Telophase

Back 35

Chromosomes at opposite poles
Nuclear membrane reforms
Spindle Fibers disinigrates
Chromosomes become diffused

Front 36

Cytokinesis

Back 36

division of cytoplasm, cleavage furrow form

Front 37

Enzymes

Back 37

special Protein that catalyze nearly all chemicall reactions in cells

Front 38

How do Enzymes work

Back 38

speed up chemical reactions y reducing the amount of activation energy needed to break chemical bonds to initiate chemical reaction

Front 39

what speeds up Enzymes?

Back 39

high tempuratures, work slower at lower tempuratures
and opperate at neutral pH

Front 40

Passive Transport

Back 40

movement of materials without any external source of chemical energy being required

Front 41

Brownian Motion

Back 41

constan jiggling of molecules and ions
caused by kinetic energy by heat

Front 42

Brownnian mobemtn is the source of what passive transport?

Back 42

diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion

Front 43

diffusion

Back 43

high consentraion to low consentration
Caused by collision beween molecules

Front 44

Osmosis

Back 44

in waster
molecules move across a semi- permeable or selectively permeable membrane
water is more concentrated to low concentration
equilibrium

Front 45

Semi Permeable membrane Permits what?

Back 45

small moecules(water) to pas through it freely but restricts movement of larger molecules

Front 46

Hypotonic

Back 46

explode, below tention heve more solvent then solute

Front 47

Hypertonic

Back 47

Crenate(shrink), tension above, more solute than solvent

Front 48

Isotonic

Back 48

wate/solute concentration inside sames as the water/solute concentration on outside

Front 49

Dialysis Experiment

Back 49

Combination of diffusion and osmosis
diffusion of molecules through semi permeale membrane
small solutes water diffuse avross memebrane

Front 50

Facilitated diffusion

Back 50

movement of molecules across membrane with the assistance of protein carriers