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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are crural muscles
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The muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes.
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These muscles mainly dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes
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Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis longus Fibularis tertius Tibialis anterior |
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What are the muscles of the lateral leg
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Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis |
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Where do the muscles that move the pectoral girdle insert
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Scapula & Clavicle
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endomysium
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surrounds muscle fiber
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perimysium
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sorrounds Fasicicle
dense irregular connective tissue |
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Epimysium
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surrounds whole skeletal muscle
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Muscle Fibers (cells) are shaped?
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Long and cylindrical / can be as long as the entire muscle
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Neurons that stimulate contraction are
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motor neurons
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Which muscle is short, wide in the middle and tapered at the ends (fusiform)
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Smooth Muscle (fusiform)
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Which type of muscle is Non-striated?
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Smooth Muscle
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Which cells are shaped like a Y
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Branching Cells
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Braching Cells are located in which type of muscle?
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Cardiac Muscle
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What are intercalated discs?
What do these structures allow? |
Intercalated discs connect cells or cardiac muscle
Allow rapid passgae of electrical current from one cell to the next during each heart beat. |
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Which cells bifurcate?
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Branching cells (cardiac muscle)
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Which muscle is located at the walls of internal organs?
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Smooth muscle
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Sphincters (circular muscle bands) are a function of which muscle tissue?
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Skelatal Muscle Tissue
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Muscle tissue is comprised of cells called?
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Fibers
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Myofibrils are located in ?
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Muscle Fibers
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What type of tissue does the Endomysium consist of?
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Areolar connective tissue
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This binds together muscles with similar functions, separates individual muscles.
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Deep Fascia aka ( visceral or muscular fascia)
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A broad flat tendon that attaches muscle to muscle
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Aponeurosis
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The Plasma membrane of the skeletal muscle
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sarcolemma
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the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber
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sarcoplasm
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Narrow, tubular extensions of the sacrolemma into the sacroplasm
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T-tubercle
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Double stranded regulatory protein
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Tropomyosin
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Embryonic skeletal muscle cell with a single nucleus
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myoblasts (single nucleus)
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What two regulatory proteins are part of the thin filaments
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Tropomyosin
Troponin |
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These are binding sites for calcium ions
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Troponin
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What are the two strands twisted around each other in thin filaments
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G- actin (globular actin
F- actin (Filamentous actin |
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Dark bands that contain the entire myosin molecule and overlapping portion of actin
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A bands
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Light bands- contain thin filaments
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I bands
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What us the shape of a Deltoid Muscle
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Triangular
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What is the shape of a quadratus
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Rectangular
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What is the shape of the trapezius
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Trapezoidal
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What is the orientation of a rectus muscle fiber
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straight
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What is the orientation of a oblique muscle fiber
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angle
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What is the orientation of a orbicularis muscle fiber
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circular
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This type of joint holds bones together by dense regular connective tissue
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Fibrous joint
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In this joint bones are enclosed within a capsule.
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Synovial
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This is an immovable joint
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Synarthrosis
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If a joint is more mobile than .........
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it's less stable
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This type of joint is slightly movable
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Amphiarthrosis
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This type of joint is freely mobile
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Diarthrosis
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What is a Gomphoses joint
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Teeth joint , synarthrosis
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What type of joint is a suture
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fibrous
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When bones have completely fused across the suture line in the skull it is called?
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synostoses
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1st Sternocostal joint
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Synchondroses
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What type of cartlaginous joint is located between the intervertebral discs
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Symphyses
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Which joint can be classified as a pad of fibrocartilage
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Symphyses
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What is the glenohumeral joint
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shoulder joint
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What is Bursa
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Flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane / may be separate or connected to the joint cavity
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Name the types of synovial joints from least movable to most freely movable
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plane (gliding joints)
hinge pivot condylar saddle joints ball and socket joints |
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What is the least mobile type of diarthosis?
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Plane joint
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What type of joint is the elblow joint
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hinge joint
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This is the movement in an anterior- posterior plane of the body that decreases the angle between the articulating bones.
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Flexion
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This is the opposite of flexion, the movement in the anterior posterior plane that increases the angle between articulating bones.
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extension
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This is a move that looks as if you are admiring a new ring on your finger
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hyperextension
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This means to move away from the body midline.
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abduction
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Where are the points of attachment for shoulder muscles on the humerus
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greater and lesser tubercles
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located on the proximal humerus, this contains one of the tendons for the biceps brachii muscle
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intertubercular sulcus
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Is the Shaft of the humerus distal or proximal?
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Distal
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The deltoid muscle of the shoulder attaches where?
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deltoid tuberosity
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This is a smooth rounded surface that articulates with the head of radius
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capitulum
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Trochlae articulates with what?
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Trochlear notch of ulna
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The Coronoid fossa accommodates which bone
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ulna
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POSTERIOR HUMERUS Olecranon fossa accommodates which bone?
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ulna
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Radial Fossa accommodates which bone?
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Radius
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These are the only two bones in the forearm that run parallel to each other
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radius and ulna
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in anatomical position is the radius or ulna lateral
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radius
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Supination
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Radius and Ulna are parallel
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Pronation
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radius crosses over the ulna
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What are the two types of circulation through the heart
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pulmonary and Systemic
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Which side of the heart is the pulmonary circulation located?
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Right side
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Which side of the heart is located more anteriorly?
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right side
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What is the superier border of the heart formed by?
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the great arterial vessels
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What are the great arterial vessels
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the ascending aorta pulmonary trunk & superior vena cava
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What is the Apex?
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It's the inferior conical (cone shaped) end of the heart
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The inferior border is formed by which ventricle?
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right ventricle
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The pericardium is formed by which two parts?
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Fibrous and serous pericardium
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What is the outter covering of the heart ?
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Fibrous pericardium - dense connective tissue
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What is the fibrous pericardium attached to?
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The diaphragm and the great vessels
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What are the three layers that the heart wall consists of?
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Epicardium
Myocardium Endocardium |
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The viseral layer of the serous pericardium is also called what?
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Epicardium
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What type of connective tissue is the endocardium comprised of?
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Simple squamous epithelium , layer of areolar connective tissue
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This is the muscular extension on the anteroinferior borders of the atria
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Auricle
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This separtes the atria and ventricles from each other
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Coronary Sulcus
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This runs from the coronary sinus to the apex of the heart and is located between the left and right ventricles
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Anterior interventricular sulcus
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What three veins drain into the right atrium ?
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Superior vena cava
inferior vena cava coronary sinus |
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This forms a thick wall between the right and left ventricles
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interventricular septum
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Large irregular muscular ridges located in the inner wall of each ventricle
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Trabeculae carneae
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Where are papillary muscles located in the heart
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right ventricle ( three muscles )
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These are anchored to the papillary muscles
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chordae tendineae
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Which valve marks the end of the right ventricle and beginning of the pulmonary trunk
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pulmonary semilunary valve
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The right atrioventricular valve is also called
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tricuspid
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Left atrioventricular valve is also called?
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bicuspid or mitral
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Where is the aortic semilunar valve located ?
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located in the roof of the left ventricle
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This atrium has two triangular cucps
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left atrium
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This marks the end of the left ventricle and the beginning of the aorta
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Aortic semilunar valve
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This is the only branches given off by the ascending aorta just superior to the aortic semilunary valve
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coronary arteries
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The marginal artery supplies which part of the heart ?
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the right side
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The posterior surface of the left and right ventricles is supplied by which artery.
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posterior interventricular artery
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Where is the great cardiac vein located
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runs alongside the interventricular artery
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where is the Middle cardiac vein
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runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery
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where is the small cardiac vein
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travels close to the marginal artery
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What large vein does the coronary veins emty into?
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coronary sinus
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Where does the coronary sinus drain into?
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right atrium
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Cardiac muscle tissue is connected with low resistant cell to cell juntions called what?
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gap junctions
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Electrical impulses are distributed though out what in the heart
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myocardium
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What is Autorhythmicity
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it is capable of initing it's own heartbeat without the help of external nerves
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conducting system of the heart
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SA Node
atriventricular node atrioventricular bundle purkinje fibers |
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What are the specialized cardiac cells that initiate that heart beat
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SA Node
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Where is the SA Node located
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posterior wall of the right atrium adjacent to the opening of the superior vena cava
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under parasympathetic control how many beats does the heart beat per minute
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70-80
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Where is the atrioventricular node located
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floor of right atrium
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atrioventricular bundle extends into what
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interventricular septum
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These begin at the apex of the heart and extend through the walls of the ventricles
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Purkinje fibers
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Name the conducting system in order by which happens first to last
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AV node
AV bundle left and right bundles purkinje fibers |
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Which type of nervous system innervates the heart
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autonomic
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Does the autonomic nervous system initiate a heartbeat
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NOOOOOOO.....but it can increase or decrease the rate of that heartbeat
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This increases the rate and force of heart contractions
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Sympathetic innervation
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Parasympathetic innervation
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decreases heart rate
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Foramen Ovale
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shunts highly oxygenated blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in the developing heart ( not needed when baby is born)
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