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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic Function of the phonatory system
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a valve to keep us from choking
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larynx
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1 bone, 9 cartilages and 15 paired muscles
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hyoid bone
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not attached directly to any other bone "free floating"
-corpus, lesser cornu and greater cornu |
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Thyroid Cartilage
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paired, largest cartilage, all other cartilages attach or lie within it
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thyroid angle/notch
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the two laminas of the thyroid cartilage come together at an angle
-80 degrees for males and 90-100 degrees for females |
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Cricoid
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ring shaped, articular facet attaches to the inferior cornu, immediately superior to the uppermost tracheal ring
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Articular Facet
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hallowed out part and attaches to the inferior cornu of thyroid-allows rocking action
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Epiglottis
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leaf shaped, helps to prevent food from entering the larynx during swallowing, may be seen in children until the larynx drops
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Arytenoids
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paired, located on the sloping borders of the cricoid. may appear triangular but are really pyrmidal. the muscular and vocal processes allow 2 to 3 movements. 1. rocking or tilting, 2. glide and 3. rotation but this is very controversial
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Aryepiglottic folds
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folds of mucous membrane from edges of epiglottis to the apex of each arytenoid
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Corniculates
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paired, protect the apex of each arytenoid
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Cuneiforms
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paired, very small rods, may not be present in everyone, are found within the aryepiglottic folds
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Muscles of the Larynx
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2 groups extrinsic and intrinsic
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Extrinsic Muscles
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affect the movement of the larynx, attach to laryngeal cartilages or hyoid from non-laryngeal structures
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Suprahyoids
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support hyoid from above, pull upward on larynx which increases tension and increases vocal pitch
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Digastricus
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sling-like with an anterior and posterior belly
O-sympysis of mandible I-mastoid process of the temporal bone; anterior and posterior bellies are separated by the intermediate tendon on hyoid A-pull up on hyoid, raising the larynx |
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Stylohyoid
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parallel to and next to the posterior belly of degastricus
O-styloid process of temporal bone I-near corpus of hyoid A-pull up on hyoid, raising the larynx |
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Mylohyoid
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unpaired? hard to tell where it ends. forms portion of the floor of the mouth
O-mylohyoid line of mandible I-corpus of hyoid A-pull up on hyoid, raising the larynx |
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Geniohyoid
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superior to mylohyoid
O-deep inferior surface of mandible I-anterior surface of hyoid A-pull up on hyoid, raising larynx |
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Infrahyoids
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support hyoid from below, pull downward on hyoid decreasing vocal tension and vocal pitch
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Sternohyoid
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O-manubrium of sternum
I-corpus of hyoid A-pull down on hyoid, lowering the larynx |
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Omohyoid
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2 bellies; inferior and posterior
O-upper border of scapula I-corpus of hyoid A-pull down on hyoid, lowering the larynx |
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Sternothyroid
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O-manubrium of sternum
I-thyroid lamina A-pull down on hyoid, lowering the larynx |
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Thyrohyoid
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O-thyroid lamina
I-greater cornu of hyoid A-pull down on hyoid, lowering the larynx |
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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
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arise and insert within the larynx
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Glottis or Rima Glottidis
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opening between the folds when folds are abducted
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True Vocal Folds are composed of 5 layers of tissue
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1. epithelium
2. superficial layer 3. intermediate layer 4. deep layer 5. vocalis muscle |
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superficial layer + intermediate layer + deep layer=
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lamina propria
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intermediate layer + deep layer=
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vocal ligament
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vocal processes
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located on back of the arytenoids
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vocalis
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glottal tenser
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it is extrinsic if?
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it attaches outside the larynx
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Thyroarytenoid muscle
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...
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Thyrovocalis
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agonist
O-deep surface of thyroid angle I-vocal processes and lateral surface of the arytenoid A-tenses vocal ligament raising vocal pitch |
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Thyromuscularis
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antagonist
O-inner surface of thyroid angle I-antero-lateral surface of arytenoids A-relaxes glottal tension |
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Cricothyroid
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maintains tension on folds, allows thyroid to rock on cricoid
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Pars Oblique
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O-outer portion of cricoid arch
I-inferior cornu of thyroid |
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Pars Recta
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O-anterior of cricoid beneath the arch
I-lower margin of thyroid lamina |
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Posterior Cricoarytenoid
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THE ABDUCTOR MUSCLE (separates the folds)
O-posterior surface of cricoid I-muscular process of arytenoids A-rotates arytenoids pulling them outward laterally |
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Adductor Muscles
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...
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Oblique Arytenoid
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forms "X" shape across posterior surface of arytenoids
O-muscular process of one arytenoid I-apex of opposite arytenoid a-rotates and pulls together arytenoids |
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Transverse Arytenoid
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under the "X"
O-entire posterior surface and lateral edge of one arytenoid I-lateral edge and posterior surface of other arytenoid A-pulls arytenoids together |
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oblique and transverse arytenoids are referred to collectively as the...
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interarytenoids
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Lateral Cricoartyenoid
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O-along superior-lateral edge of cricoid cartilage
I-at arytenoid on same side A-rotates arytenoids closing glottis |
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Phonation occurs when
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the larynx generates a rapid series of short pulses of air which produce a complex tone
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During normal quiet breathing the vocal folds are
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spaced far apart and the airstream is allowed to flow in and out
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When the neural command is given for the folds to close
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adduction is extremely rapid (2nd fastest reflex next to blinking)
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when the folds are together the air flow is obstructed
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thus building up sub-glottic pressure
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Vocal folds of men and women
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womens-shorter, faster vibration
men-longer, slower vibration |
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sub-glottic pressure develops enough pressure
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blows the folds apart
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Negative pressure builds up which
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draws the folds back together again
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vibratory cycle
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115-140 per second for males and 210-240 for women
500+ for babies |
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Process of cycle
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1. inhale
2. vocal folds adduct 3. sub-glottic pressure builds up to a threshold 4. folds get blown apart due to the threshold of pressure 5. release a burst of air 6. folds are adducted again |
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Cartilage Review
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...
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Cricoid Review
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lowest, back is larger than the front
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Throid Review
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above the cricoid, front is solid with the notch, back is open with 4 extensions called horns
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Arytenoid Review
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sit on back of the cricoid, muscular process on back, apex at top, vocal process at front
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Epiglottis Review
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moves down when we swallow
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Intrinsic Muscle Review
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...
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Cricothyroid Review
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attaches to the cricoid and thyroid
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Interarytenoid Review
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are inside the arytenoids
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Thyroarytenoids
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inside make up vocal folds
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Vocal Folds Review
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made up of 5 layers of tissue
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False vocal folds do not...
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vibrate
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Cricothyroid causes the...
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rocking motion
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Space between the vocal folds is the...
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glottis/ rima glottidis
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Interarytenoids pull...
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together, but there is still space
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Lateral cricoarytenoids...
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pivot, but there is still space
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for the folds to completely close the...
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inter and lateral arytenoids need to be working
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Adduction
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bringing together
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Abduction
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pulling apart
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