Anatomy

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

the science of the structure of organisms

Front 2

Physiology –

Back 2

the science of the function of organisms

Front 3

Levels of Organization in Body:

Back 3

1. body as a whole
2. organ systems (11)
3. organs
4. tissues (collection of similar cells)
5. cells (smallest unit of life that in and of itself
possesses the properties of life)
6. chemical (atoms & molecules)

Front 4

Anatomical Position –

Back 4

reference position; erect standing palms forward; allows one to describe body
parts relative to other body parts

Front 5

1. anterior (front)
2. superficial (toward skin surface)
3. superior (toward head)
4. medial (toward mid-line of body
5. proximal (toward point of attachment)

Back 5

1.posterior
2. deep
3.inferior
4. lateral
5. distal

Front 6

Planes of Body:

1. sagittal
2. horizontal
3. frontal

Back 6

1. divides body into right and left sides
2. divides into upper and lower
3. divides into front and back

Front 7

four major types of tissue in body:

Back 7

1. muscular
2. nervous
3. epithelial (forms linings of things)
4. connective

Front 8

There are six major types of connective tissue, and the skeletal system consists of three of them:

Back 8

bone, cartilage, and fibrous (ligaments)

Front 9

Functions of skeletal system:

Back 9

1. protection
2. framework of support
3. provides for levers that move at joints when a force
is applied
4. mineral storage
5. hemopoiesis –

Front 10

hemopoiesis

Back 10

blood cell formation by red marrow within the bone; almost all bones of a child
contain red marrow, but much of it turns into relatively inactive yellow marrow by adulthood; in adult skeleton, red marrow found in occipital
bone, ribs, vertebrae, sternum, proximal epiphyses of femur and humerus

Front 11

Classification of Bones into Types:

Back 11

1. long – humerus, femur
2. short – carpals, tarsals
3. flat – sternum, scapula
4. irregular – mandible, vertebrae
5. sesamoid – located within tendons; patella is one
that everyone has; but they are formed on an
individual basis due to persistent stress on a tendon

Front 12

Internal Structure of Bone
1. compact bone (solid)

Back 12

a. consist of osteons (side-by-side weight-bearing pillars that run parallel to rim of bone

Front 13

osteons

Back 13

consist of lamellae (concentric tubular rings of matrix)

Front 14

matrix

Back 14

itercellular, inanimate material that bone consists of

Front 15

matrix consists of

Back 15

1. minerals (50%)
2. collagen (25%) rope-like protein that reinforces strength of matrix
3 fluid (25%)