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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)
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Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
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Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)
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TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH
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Thyroid
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-simple cuboidal epithelial cells: thyroxine (T4) and T3
-parafollicular cells/C cells: calcitonin |
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parathyroid
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epithelial tissue, glandular cells serete parathyroid hormone
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pancreas
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-alpha cells: glucagon
-beta cells: insulin |
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Adrenal cortex
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-mineralcorticoids: aldosterone:zona glomerulosa
-glucocorticoids: cortisone: zona fasciculata -gonadocorticoids: testosterone, estrogen: zona reticularis |
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adrenal medulla
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Male pig
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penile opening in the middle of abdomen, no vaginal openining
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female pig
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vaginal opening, urogenital papilla
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Saliva
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-found in the mouth
-hydrolyzes starch -optimum pH 8 |
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Gastric juice
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-found in the stomach
-hydrolyzes complex proteins -optimum pH 2 |
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pancreatic juice
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-found in duodenum
-hydrolyzes carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids -optimum pH 8 -contains bicarboonate buffer which neutralizes acid chyme from the stomach |
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normal blood glucose levels
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80-120
after meals: 130-150 |
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hypoglycemia
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too much insulin is produced so glucose levels drop to very low levels
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hyperglycemia
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low insulin levels cause high glucose levels to return to normal slowly
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Type I diabetes
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not enough insulin is produced
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Type II diabetes
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insulin is produced but the body does not respond to it so glucose levels remain relatively the same
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what gases control respiratory rate and how?
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CO2 and O2. an increase in CO2 or decrease in O2 is detected by chemoreceptors which stimulate the inspiratory center to increase breathing rate.
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What does breathing into a bad, hyperventilating, breath holding, and exercise do to the amount of CO2 in the body and how do these changes affect respiratory rates?
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Breathing into a bag and exercise increase breathing rate which increases carbon dioxide levels. hyperevntilating decreases breathing rate and decreases CO2 levels. as CO2 decreases, the ability to hold your breath increases
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Expiratory reserve volume
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breathe normally a few times and after normal expiration, exhale as much as possible
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Vital capacity
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breathe deeply a few times and and after inhaling as much as possible, exhale everything from lungs
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inspiratory reserve volume
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(tidal + expiratory) - vital
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What are the components that blood seperates into when centrifuged?
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top half-plasma
thin layer in the middle- WBC + platelets bottom half-RBC |
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Hematocrit
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% of whole blood that is compised of RBC
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Type A blood
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RBC clump together in "a"
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Type B blood
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RBC clump together in "b"
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Type O Blood
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No clumping
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