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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aponueuroses
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Wide flat tendons
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Endomysium
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Connective tissue, Surrounds individual muscle cells, attached to cell membrane
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Fasicle
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A bundle of muscle cells
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Perimysium
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Connective tissue, surrounds fasicles
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epimysium
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Connective tissue, Surrounds the entire muscle
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Myofiliments
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Two types--
Actin- thin filiments, darker bands Myosin-think filiments, lighter bands Both are proteins that aid in muscle contraction, cause the striped appearance of muscle cells. |
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Myofibril
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Bundles of myofiliments
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Sarcolemma
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Plasma membrane of muscle cells
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Sarcoplasmic reticulem
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Covers muscle fibers, releases calcium for muscle contraction
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Tendon
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Connective tissue, attaches muscles to bones
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Z line/disk
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The ends of the sarcomere-Actin connects to the z-bands. Where the sarcomeres join together.
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H zone
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Center of Sarcomere
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M Line
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Line running down the center of the Sarcomere, myosin anchor to I band.
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Thick filament
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A-band
Dark striations Contains bundles of myosin molecules the tail in anchored to the center of the sarcomere, the M-line the head of myosin attaches to actin if calcium is present in the sarcoplasm |
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Sliding filament theory 1
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When a skeletal muscle contracts: the I-bands get shorter, the z-lines move closer together, the myofilaments (actin and myosin) stay the same length, but slip past each other), the two myofilaments move along side of each other
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Sliding filament theory 2
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Myosin attaches to actin, actin is pulled closer to the center of the muscle cell, actin is connected to the z-line, the z-lines move closer together.
location dictates movement of the muscle |
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Motor Neurons
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Controls other organs, release neurotransmitter ACH, changes sarcolemma permiability to ions, generates electrical impulse called an action potential
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Epimmysium and Perimysium are attachment sites for...
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Nerves and blood vessels.
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Myofibril is surrounded by/consists of...
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Surrounded by Sarcoplasm reticulem
Consists of Sarcomeres, z-line to z-line |
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Muscle fiber is surrounded by/ consists of....
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Surrounded by Endomysium
Consists of Myofibrils |
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Muscle fasicle is surrounded by/ consists of....
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Surrounded by Perimysium
Consists of Muscle fibers |
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Skeletal muscle is surrounded by/ consists of....
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Surrounded by Epimysium
Consists of Muscle Fascicles |
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Aponeuroses
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Wide flat tendons
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Muscles fascicles are organized six different ways...
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Parallel, convergant, circular, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate
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Origins/Insertions/Actions of muscles
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Origins and insetions are the point on the skeleton where the tendon of a muscle attaches to the skeleton. Origins are usually proximal to insertions.
Actions-Sarcomeres contract to pull the insertions closer to the origin. |
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Motor unit
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All the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron
Can range from 2 to 2,000 muscle fibers per moter unit |
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Exercise Muscle Hypertrophy
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Exercise causes skeletal muscle to develop more myofibrils per sarcomere. Hypertrophy of each muscle cell makes the entire muscle larger. Increased concentration of mitochondria and glycolytic enzymes
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Sources of ATP in muscle tisse
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Immediate- creatine phosphate
Short term-Glycolysis (lactic acid) Long term- Oxidative phosphorylation |
