Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
anatomy is the?
|
Science of body structures and the relationships among them.
|
|
|
Physiology is?
|
is the science of how the body works
|
|
|
Another name for an action pontenitail (AP) is
|
a nerve impulse.
|
|
|
What is homeostasis?
|
this is the condition of equilbrium ( Balance) in the bodys internal environment.
|
|
|
Or, Homeostasis is the
|
Trying to keep the variables with a narrow wrange.
|
|
|
Homeostasis in the body is?
|
Constantly being disturbed.
|
|
|
Which two systems either together or independently work to maintian homeostasis?
|
The nervous system and the endocrine system
|
|
|
Nerves send APs that try to?
|
Quickly change a variable.
|
|
|
The endocrine system sends?
|
Hormones to change a variable! This is slower but just as effective.
|
|
|
What kind of feedback system do the nervous system and the endocrine use?
|
They use a negative feed back loop.
|
|
|
What are the 2 feedback loops?
|
Negative or positive.
|
|
|
What is a feedback system or loop?
|
A cycle of events is which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, re-evaluated and so on.
|
|
|
Each monitored variable is called a (Ex. Body Temp.)
|
A controlled condition.
|
|
|
Anything that changes a controlled condition is a?
|
Stimulus.
|
|
|
A controlled condition is a?
|
Monitored variable.
|
|
|
A stimulus is?
|
Anything that changes a controlled condition.
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts to a feedback system?
|
1.) Receptor
2.) Control center 3.) Effector. |
|
|
What is the job of the receptor?
|
This is a body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to the controlled center.
|
|
|
Give an exapmle of a control center.
|
The brain
|
|
|
What is the job of the control center?
|
It sets the range in which the variables being monitored must be kept.
|
|
|
What is the effectors job?
|
It receives output from the control center and produces a response or it effects that changes the controlled condition.
|
|
|
The stimulus does this?
|
Disrupts homeostasis.
|
|
|
The receptor does this?
|
Monitors changes in a variable.
|
|
|
the receptor sends input to the?
|
Control center.
|
|
|
The control center sends out output called?
|
Effectors.
|
|
|
The effecotrs response does this?
|
Alters the controlled condition.
|
|
|
Homeostasis is achieved when the effector?
|
Returns the monitored variable back to the normal range or another stimulus occurs.
|
|
|
Negative feedback turns on when?
|
the monitored variable goes out of its normal range and turns off when the variable moves back into its normal range.
|
|
|
The action of the negative feedback is slowed or stopped when the montiotored variable?
|
Returns to normal.
|
|
|
Hence negative feedback is how the response or effector reverses the?
|
Original stimulus.
|
|
|
Positive feedback does this?
|
It enhances the original stimulus.
|
|
|
Or, positive feedback ehnaces or strengthens a?
|
Change in a monitored controlled condition.
|
|
|
Postive feedback is not this?
|
Its not homeostasis.
|
|
|
To stop positive feedback we need this?
|
An outside stimulus.
|
|
|
Give an example of Positive feedback?
|
Childbirth.
|
|
|
The body usually functions of this feedback?
|
Negative feedback.
|
|
|
With positive feedback and childbirth the positive feedback continues until?
|
The child is out of the body.
|
|
|
In positive feedback something external must happen to?
|
Stop whats happening or an outside stimulus must occur.
|
|
|
Positive feedback reinforces the?
|
Stimulus or the condition.
|
|
|
prone =
|
The body is face down
|
|
|
Suspine =
|
The body is laying face up on its spine.
|
|
|
Anteriror =
|
the front
|
|
|
Posterior =
|
the back
|
|
|
Superior =
|
toward the top of the body
|
|
|
Inferior =
|
toward the lower part of the body.
|
|
|
Medial =
|
Nearer to the midline.
|
|
|
Lateral =
|
Farther from the midline
|
|
|
Intermediate =
|
Between 2 structures
|
|
|
Ipsilateral =
|
On the same side of the body
|
|
|
Contrlateral =
|
On opposite sides of the body.
|
|
|
Proximal =
|
Neare tot he attachment of the trunk.
|
|
|
Distal =
|
farther away.
|
|
|
Superficial =
|
Toward the surface of the body.
|
|
|
Deep =
|
Away from the surface of the body.
|
|
|
Sagiatial palne diveds the body into?
|
Left and right sides.
|
|
|
Frontal or coronal plane divides the body into?
|
Front and back.
|
|
|
Transverse palne divides the body into?
|
Top and bottom halves.
|
|
|
Parasagital plane divides the body into?
|
Left and right, but its in unequal portions.
|
|
|
Viscera cavity =
|
organs insdie the thoracic or abdominopelvic cavity.
|
|
|
Diffusion =
|
The passive procees of materials across a membrane of a cell.
|
|
|
Diffsion moves from a?
|
Higher concentration to a lower concentration.
|
|
|
Shrot term definition of diffusuin is?
|
Getting a package from point A to point B.
|
|
|
5 things that affect diffusion?
|
1.) Steepness of the concentration gradient.
2>) Temperature - Higher temps diffuse faster. 3.) Mass of the diffusing particle - larger is slower. 4.) Surface are of the mebrane. - Alarger membarnes diffusees faster. 5.) Thickness of the diffusing membrane. |
|
|
Diffusion throught he Lipid Bilayer does not use this?
|
A transport mechanism.
|
|
|
Ion channels in the membrane - ion channels are like tunnels, ion channels allow the passage of ions that are?
|
to hydrophobic to penetrate the lipid bilayer/plasma membrane.
|
|
|
Each ion can only diffuse through?
|
Certain channels or at certain sites.
|
|
|
Hence the ion must find its proper channel meaning that?
|
Not all ions can through the same channel.
|
|
|
A channel is said to be gated when aprt of the channel portion acts as a?
|
Plug or gate.
|
|
|
A gated ion channel changes shape on 2 occasions. They are?
|
The channel changes shape in one way to open the channel and in anoter way to clse the channel.
|
|
|
What is osmosis?
|
The movement of water across a semipermaeable membrane.
|
|
|
Water moves in this direction?
|
From an area of lower solute concentraion to an area of higher solute concentration.
|
|
|
Osomosis only occurs when a membrane is permeable to water but is not?
|
Permeable to the certain solute.
|
|
|
Equlibrium in osmosis is attained when there is equal water on?
|
Both sides of the membrane.
|
|
|
Tonicity =
|
Tension
|
|
|
A solutions tonicity is a measure of the solutions ability to change the volume of cells by?
|
Altering the water content.
|
|
|
Tonicity makes cell biggers by?
|
putting H2O in the cell
|
|
|
Tonicity will make cell s smaller by?
|
Removing water form the cells.
|
|
|
An isotonic solution =
|
Any solution in which a cell maintains its normal shape and volume.
|
|
|
A hypotonic solution =
|
Water rushes into the cell and the cell bursts.
|
|
|
A hypertonic solution =
|
Water rushes out of the cell and shrinks and dies.
|
|
|
Facillatated diffusion means that the
|
Solute must bind to a specific transporter on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side after the transporter changes shape.
|
|
|
Facillated diffusion is this type of process?
|
Passive.
|
|
|
Active transports is an uphill battle meaning that it is against the?
|
Gradient.
|
|
|
Active transport need This?
|
Energy.
|
|
|
In active transport what is the primary source of E?
|
ATP
|
