Anatomy 1

Front 1

The longest serous membrane of the body that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the viscera

Back 1

Peritoneum

Front 2

Blood cell production, which occurs in red bone marrow after birth

Back 2

Hemopoiesis

Front 3

When epithelial tissues help in the formation of glands. These cells are specialized to secrete substances like digestive enzymes, hormones, wax and perspiration

Back 3

Glandular epithelial tissue

Front 4

A small vein that collects blood from the capillaries and delivers it to a vein

Back 4

venule

Front 5

The area between the diaphragm and the pelvis

Back 5

abdomen

Front 6

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

Back 6

contralateral

Front 7

any portion that separates one area from another, especially the dome shaped skeletal muscle between the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Back 7

diaphragm

Front 8

cavity near the dorsal (posterior) surface of the body that consists of a cranial cavity and vertebral canal

Back 8

dorsal body cavity

Front 9

union of branches of 2 or more arteries supplying the same body region

Back 9

anastomosis

Front 10

a fibrous membrance covering supporting and separating muscles

Back 10

fascia

Front 11

the thin outer later of the heart wall composed of serous tissue and mesothelium

Back 11

epicardium or visceral pericardium

Front 12

an organ specialized for contraction; composed of striated muscle fibers, supported by connective tissue, attached to a bone by a tendon or an aponeurosis & stimulated by somatic motor neurons

Back 12

skeletal muscle

Front 13

a thin flexible sheet of tissue made of epithelial layer & an underlaying connective tissue layer, as in an epithelial membrane

Back 13

membrane

Front 14

a tissue specialized for contraction, composed of smooth muscle fibers (cells) located in the walls of hollow internal organs and innovated by automatic motor neurons

Back 14

smooth muscle

Front 15

the deep coat of an artery or vein, consisting of a lining of endothelium, basement membrane, & internal elastic lamina

Back 15

tunica interna

Front 16

investing membranes

Back 16

tunics

Front 17

blood vessels that supply nutrients to the larger arteries and veins

Back 17

vasa vasorum

Front 18

solution that has a higher concentration of solutes & a lower concentration of water (solvent) than the solution that the cell is compared

Back 18

hypertonic solution

Front 19

between two structures

Back 19

intermediate

Front 20

on the same side of the body as another structure

Back 20

ipsilateral

Front 21

the membrane that covers cartilage

Back 21

perichondrium

Front 22

contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

Back 22

systole

Front 23

relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle

Back 23

diastole

Front 24

pertains to something that is near or on the surface of the body

Back 24

superficial

Front 25

situated at or pertaining to a center or central point

Back 25

central

Front 26

a layer of connective tissue located deep to a mucous membrane, as in the gastrointestinal tract on the urinary - connects the mucosa to the muscularis layer

Back 26

submucosa

Front 27

a white fibrous cord of regular connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Back 27

tendon

Front 28

homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

Back 28

solution

Front 29

pertaining to an appendix; pertaining to the limbs

Back 29

appendicular

Front 30

relates to or forming the outer wall of a body cavity

Back 30

parietal

Front 31

term refers to a location away from the median plane or towards the side of the body

Back 31

lateral

Front 32

the posterior (behind) part of the body; dorsum

Back 32

back

Front 33

the end result of a series of biochemical reactions that changes liquid plasma into a gelatinous mass; the conversion of fibrinogen into a tangle of polymerized fibrin molecules

Back 33

clot

Front 34

small potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae

Back 34

pleural cavity

Front 35

a line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure

Back 35

linear guide

Front 36

tissue that detects changes in a variety of conditions inside & outside the body and responds by generating action potential (nerve impulses) that help maintain homeostasis

Back 36

nervous tissue

Front 37

tissue generates the physical force needed to make body structures move

Back 37

muscular tissue

Front 38

the body is studied by individual systems such as digestion,circulatory, skeletal or respiratory systems

Back 38

systemic anatomy

Front 39

the process by which red blood cells are formed

Back 39

erythropoiesis

Front 40

blood minus its clotting proteins; the watery portions of the blood after coagulation

Back 40

serum

Front 41

endocrine portion of the pancreas - secrete the hormone insulin which regulates the rate of glucose usage in the body

Back 41

Islets of Langerhans or Pancreatic Islets

Front 42

tissue that covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities & ducts. It also forms glands

Back 42

epithelial tissue

Front 43

specialized epithelial cell or cells that secrete substances; a secretory organ or structure

Back 43

gland

Front 44

bone tissue that contains few spaces between osteons

Back 44

compact (dense) bone tissue

Front 45

a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior

Back 45

serous membrane

Front 46

the place of union between two or more bones; a joint

Back 46

articulation

Front 47

bony

Back 47

osseous

Front 48

consists of a dense network of collagen fibers & elastic fibers firmly embedded in chondrotin sulfate, a gel-like component of the ground substance

Back 48

cartilage

Front 49

the membrane that covers bone & consists of connective tissue, osteogenic cells & osteoblasts; is essential for bone growth, repair & nutrition

Back 49

periosteum

Front 50

the basic structural & functional unit of all organisms; the smallest structure capable of performing all activities vital to life

Back 50

cells

Front 51

one of the most abundant of the 4 basic tissue types in the body; performing the functions of binding and supporting; consists of relatively few cells in a generous matrix

Back 51

connective tissue

Front 52

a blood vessel that conveys blood from tissues back to the heart

Back 52

vein

Front 53

scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure and relationship of its parts to each other

Back 53

anatomy

Front 54

muscle action that moves an extremity TOWARDS the midline of the body

Back 54

adduction

Front 55

a space within the body that contains various internal organs

Back 55

body cavity

Front 56

the extracellular fluid found in blood vessels; blood minus the formed elements

Back 56

plasma

Front 57

potential of hydrogen; a number of signifying the acidity or alkalinity of a chemical solution

Back 57

pH

Front 58

the space within an artery, vein, intestine, renal tubule, or other tubular structure; hollow canal through which blood flows

Back 58

lumen

Front 59

a white blood cell

Back 59

leukocyte

Front 60

the blood vessels; arteries, capillaries and veins; pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

Back 60

vascular system

Front 61

ability of a white blood cell to move through an unbroken capillary wall

Back 61

diapedesis

Front 62

a triangular body covering the superior surface of each kidney

Back 62

adrenal gland

Front 63

tissue containing neurons that initate & conduct nerve impulses to coordinate homeostasis

Back 63

nervous tissue

Front 64

a substance in red blood cells consisting of the protein globin & iron-containing red pigment heme that transports most of the oxygen & some CO2 in blood

Back 64

hemoglobin

Front 65

mature red blood cell

Back 65

erythrocyte

Front 66

pertaining to the skeleton

Back 66

skeletal

Front 67

cavity near the ventral aspect of the body that contains viscera and consists of a superior thoracic cavity and an inferior abdominopelvic cavity

Back 67

ventral body cavity

Front 68

refers to a subject lying face down or with the anterior surface down

Back 68

prone position

Front 69

study of some particular body region as a separate unit, such as the head, chest and abdominal areas

Back 69

regional anatomy

Front 70

vertical plane that runs through the body & separates it into right and left portions. Plane doesn't make a distinction between equal or unequal

Back 70

sagittal plane

Front 71

the act of rotating your forearm so that the palm of your hand faces superiorly or anteriorly

Back 71

supination

Front 72

4 terms refer to a structure that is located toward the head or upper part of the body or away from the feet

Back 72

cephalic, superior, cephalad, cranial

Front 73

a mass of nervous tissue located in the vertebral canal from which 31 pairs of spinal nerves originate

Back 73

spinal cord

Front 74

an association of organs that have a common function; organized groupings of related structures or organs that perform certain functions together

Back 74

systems

Front 75

a subdivision of the dorsal body cavity formed by the cranial bones and containing the brain

Back 75

cranial cavity

Front 76

the skeleton of the head consisting of the cranial and facial bones

Back 76

skull

Front 77

the portion of the lower limb between the hip and the knee

Back 77

thigh

Front 78

the chest

Back 78

thorax

Front 79

the part of the body to which upper and lower limbs are attached

Back 79

trunk

Front 80

pertains to the organs; or to the covering of an organ

Back 80

visceral

Front 81

refers to a subject lying face up or with the anterior surface facing up

Back 81

supine position

Front 82

term used to mean toward or closer to the front of the body

Back 82

anterior or ventral

Front 83

glands that always secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream; are considered to be ductless glands

Back 83

endocrine glands

Front 84

glands that secrete their products or substances into ducts that empty onto the surface of the body or into a body cavity or a hollow organ

Back 84

exocrine glands

Front 85

when epithelial tissue lines the inside of blood vessels - consists of cells arranged in continous sheets, in either single or multiple layers

Back 85

endothelium

Front 86

tissue protects & supports the body and its organs.

Back 86

connective tissue

Front 87

the part of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle

Back 87

leg

Front 88

a membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the exterior

Back 88

mucous membrane or mucosa

Front 89

the act of rotating your forearm so that the palm of your hand faces inferiorly or posteriorly

Back 89

pronation

Front 90

a decrease in the size of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the vessel

Back 90

vasoconstriction

Front 91

an increase in the size of the lumen by a blood vessel caused by relaxation of the smooth muscle in the wall of the vessel

Back 91

vasodilation

Front 92

the organs inside the ventral body cavity

Back 92

viscera

Front 93

a sheet like tendon joining one muscle with another or with bone

Back 93

aponeurosis

Front 94

the part of the upper limb from the shoulder to the elbow

Back 94

arm

Front 95

assumation that the subject is: standing erect, facing the observer, feet are flat on the floor, upper extremities are at the sides, palms of the hand are facing anteriorly

Back 95

anatomical position

Front 96

a muscle action that moves an extremity AWAY from the midline of the body

Back 96

abduction

Front 97

the superior portion of the ventral body cavity containing the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, most of the small intestine & part of the large intestine

Back 97

abdominal

Front 98

the part of the central nervous system contained within the cranial cavity

Back 98

brain

Front 99

refers to something that is away from the surface of the body or towards the inside of the body

Back 99

deep

Front 100

to be distant; refers to something that is further away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body or farther from the point of origin

Back 100

distal

Front 101

the alternate route taken by blood through anastomosis

Back 101

collateral circulation

Front 102

pertaining to the exterior; the opposite of internal

Back 102

external

Front 103

study of structures that can be studied with the unaided eye; without the use of the microscope

Back 103

macroscopic anatomy or gross anatomy

Front 104

deals with the study of structure of the body that can be seen only with the use of a microscope. Structures so small that they are best studied using a microscope

Back 104

microscopic anatomy

Front 105

the broad median partition between the pleura of the lungs, that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column in the thoracic cavity

Back 105

mediastinum

Front 106

vertical plane that runs through the body, directly through the midline or center-dividing it into EQUAL portions

Back 106

Midsagittal plane

Front 107

term refers to something which is located toward the midline or median plane of the body

Back 107

Medial

Front 108

located at, or pertaining to, the periphery or outer surface of the body or body part

Back 108

peripheral

Front 109

the superficial coat of an artery or vein composed mostly of elastic and collagen fibers

Back 109

tunica externa or adventitia

Front 110

the intermediate area of an artery or vein composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Back 110

tunica media

Front 111

the blood vessels; the arteries, capillaries and veins

Back 111

vascular

Front 112

inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum and internal reproductive structures

Back 112

pelvic cavity

Front 113

the serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the walls of the chest and the diaphragm

Back 113

pleura

Front 114

studies the functions of living things or how the body works

Back 114

physicology or physicological anatomy

Front 115

the study of muscles

Back 115

myology

Front 116

study of anatomy in regard to the structural changes in the body which occurs as a result of disease

Back 116

pathological anatomy or morbid anatomy

Front 117

vertical plane would not pass through the midline but rather off to one side, dividing the structure into UNEQUAL portions

Back 117

Parasagittal plane

Front 118

literally means nearest

Back 118

proximal

Front 119

term means toward or closer to the back of the body

Back 119

posterior or dorsal

Front 120

study of tissues in the body which can only be effectively studied with the aid of the microscope

Back 120

histology

Front 121

the small hollow beneath the arm where it joins the body at the shoulder

Back 121

axilla

Front 122

glands that have BOTH an endocrine and exocrine portion

Back 122

heterocrine glands

Front 123

refers to the liver

Back 123

hepatic

Front 124

a method of locating a structure, such as an artery or vein, by reference to an adjacent known or prominent structure

Back 124

anatomical guide

Front 125

refers to a structure that is located toward the tail end or the inferior end of the body; or away from the head

Back 125

Inferior or caudal

Front 126

the point of juncture between two bones; formed of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage

Back 126

joints

Front 127

the nerves that emerge from the brachial plexus supply the upper limb

Back 127

brachial plexus

Front 128

within the body; pertaining to the inside of the body, the opposite of external

Back 128

internal

Front 129

part of a soluation present in the greater amount; the part that does the dissolving

Back 129

solvent

Front 130

permits certain substances to enter and exit the cell which helps maintain the proper environment for the cell to function

Back 130

semi-permeable

Front 131

force with which water molecules move through the plasma membrane

Back 131

osmotic pressure

Front 132

solution has a lower concentration of solutes & a higher concentration of solvent than the solution which the cell is compared

Back 132

hypotonic solution

Front 133

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

Back 133

osmosis

Front 134

solution where the total concentration of water molecules & solute molecules are the same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane

Back 134

isotonic solution

Front 135

a hollow muscular organ lying slightly left of the midline of the chest that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system

Back 135

heart

Front 136

part of the solution present in the lesser amount; the part to be dissolved

Back 136

solute

Front 137

the study of the structure of individual cells

Back 137

cytology

Front 138

muscle action that increases the angle at an articulation (joint). Straightening or extending your forearm

Back 138

extension

Front 139

terminal part of the lower limb, from the ankle to the toes

Back 139

foot

Front 140

a muscle action that decreases the angle at an articulation (joint)

Back 140

flexion

Front 141

process by which a blood clot is formed

Back 141

clotting coagulation

Front 142

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

Back 142

artery

Front 143

the point of origin & point of termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures

Back 143

anatomical limit

Front 144

water molecules move out of the red blood cell faster than they can enter which causes the cell to shrink

Back 144

crenation

Front 145

the movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until a uniform concentration is reached

Back 145

diffusion

Front 146

outer lining of the cell - separates the cell's internal structure from the external environment

Back 146

cell or plasma membrane

Front 147

a group of similar cells and their intracellular substance joined together to form a specific function

Back 147

tissue

Front 148

the superior part of a human; cephalic to the neck

Back 148

head

Front 149

plane runs parallel to the ground and divides the body into a superior or inferior portions

Back 149

horizontal or transverse plane

Front 150

portion of the brain immediately superior to the spinal card

Back 150

brain stem

Front 151

divides the body or organ into an anterior or posterior portions

Back 151

frontal or coronal plane

Front 152

part of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist

Back 152

forearm

Front 153

the small, almost microscopic artery that delivers blood to a capillary

Back 153

arteriole

Front 154

striated muscle fibers (cells) that form the wall of the heart; stimulated by an intrinsic conduction system and autonomic motor neurons

Back 154

cardiac muscle

Front 155

the outermost covering of a structure organ

Back 155

adventitia

Front 156

method of reproduction as an asexual process where the cell splits into 2 parets, each of which develops into a complete individual

Back 156

binary fussion

Front 157

the most superior portion of the aorta, lying between the ascending and descending segments of the aorta

Back 157

arch of the aorta

Front 158

a heart valve made up of membranous flaps or cusps that allow the blood to flow in one direction only, from an atrium into the ventricle

Back 158

atrioventricular valve

Front 159

superior chamber of the heart

Back 159

atrium

Front 160

the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins that constitutes the chief means of transport within the body

Back 160

blood

Front 161

tendon-like, fibrous cords that connect artioventricular valves of the heart with papillary muscles.

Back 161

chordae tendinae

Front 162

Pathway followed by the blood from the ascending aorta through the blood vessels supplying the heart and returning to the right atrium

Back 162

coronary circulation

Front 163

pertaining to a rib

Back 163

costal

Front 164

hyaline cartilage that attaches a rib to the sternum

Back 164

costal cartilage

Front 165

the layer of the heart wall composed of endothelium and smooth muscle that lines the inside of the heart and covers the valves and tendons that holds the valves open

Back 165

endocardium

Front 166

an opening in the fetal heart in the septum between the left and right atria

Back 166

foramen ovule

Front 167

large vein that collects blood from parts of the body inferior to the heart and returns it to the right atrium

Back 167

inferior vena cava

Front 168

main organs of respiration that lie on either side of the heart of the thoracic cavity

Back 168

lungs

Front 169

a type of white blood cell that helps carry out cell-mediated and antibody- mediated immune responses' found in blood and lymphatic tisses

Back 169

lymphocyte

Front 170

the middle layer of the heart wall, made up of cardiac muscle tissue, lying between epicardium and endocardium and constituting the bulk of the heart

Back 170

myocardium

Front 171

the functional unit of the kidney

Back 171

nephron

Front 172

concerning or affected by the lungs

Back 172

pulmonary

Front 173

the flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and the return of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the right atrium

Back 173

pulmonary ciculation

Front 174

a wall dividing two cavities

Back 174

septum

Front 175

large vein that collects blood from parts of the body superior to the heart and returns it to the right atrium

Back 175

superior vena cava

Front 176

the routes through which oxygenated blood flows from the left ventricle through the aorta to all the organs of the body and the deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium

Back 176

systemic circulation

Front 177

atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart

Back 177

tricuspid valve

Front 178

an inferior chamber of the heart

Back 178

ventricle

Front 179

wall or partition that is located between the right and left ventricles

Back 179

interventricular septum

Front 180

drains blood from the heart

Back 180

coronary sinus