Analyzing And Interpreting Literature Clep

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prose

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what we write and speak every day, without meter or ryme

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fiction

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story, novel

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non-fiction

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autobiographical

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satire

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not genre-a mode
manifistation of authorial attitude (tone) and purpose

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mode

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elements of which can be found in any category of literature--from poetyr and drama to novels and essays

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roman

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short for romance, novel in european countries

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exposition

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introduction

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complication

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novel problem

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static characters

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do not change in significant ways, that is in ways which relation to the story which is structuring the novel.

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dynamic characters

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may change only slightly in his attitudes, but those changes may be the very ones upon which the narrative rests.

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protagonists

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struggles toward or for someone or something

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antagonists

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struggles against someone or something

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stock

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character that exists because the plot demands it

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stereotype

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character w/out individuating characteristics

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foils

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characters enabling us to see other characters better

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allegorical

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characters standing for qualities or concepts rather than for actual personages

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motif

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a detail or element of the story which is repeated throughout, and which may even become symbolic

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setting

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where and when of the story

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how

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author's style

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speculative essay

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looks at ideas, explores them rather than explains them

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argumentative essay

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to present a point and provide evidence, which may be factual or anecdotal and to support it

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expository essay

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explain and clarify ideas

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voice

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narrator's tone, but author is speaking. in fiction-narrator is speaking not author

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thought

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distinguishes non-fiction from fiction. uses to present an idea

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irony

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inversion or reversal, doing or saying the opposite of the unexpected

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parody

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a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing

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inversion

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reversal of the usual or natural order of words; anastrophe.

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hyperbole

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1.
obvious and intentional exaggeration.
2.
an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally, as “to wait an eternity.”

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understatement

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A form of irony in which something is intentionally represented as less than it is: “Hank Aaron was a pretty good ball player.”

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sarcasm

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harsh or bitter derision or irony.

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wit

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speech or writing showing such perception and expression.

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invective

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1.
vehement or violent denunciation, censure, or reproach.
2.
a railing accusation; vituperation.
3.
an insulting or abusive word or expression.

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verse

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line of poetry

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stanzas

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a grouping of lines w/ a metrical order and often a repeated rhyme (rhyme scheme)

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end rhyme

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rhyming at end of line

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internal rhyme

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includes at least one rhyming word within the line, often for the purpose of speeding the rhythm or making it linger

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slant rhyme

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jolts a reader who expects a perfect rhyme, poets thus use such a rhyme to express disappointment or a deliberate let-down.

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masculine rhyme

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uses one-syllable words or stresses the final syllable of a polysyllable words, giving the feeling of strength and impact

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feminine rhyme

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uses a rhyme of two or more syllables, the stress not falling upon the last syllable, giving a feeling of softness and lightness

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free verse

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unrhymed and varying in metrical pattern

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blank verse

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unrhymed but has strict rhythm

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meter

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the pattern or measure of stressed or accented words within a line of verse

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iambic rythm

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rising and falling rythm

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iambic meter

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poetry that alternates stressed and unstressed syllables

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iambic pentameter

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a line of poetry w/ ten syllables or rising and falling stresses

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foot

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basic measuring unit in a line of poetry

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iambic foot

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one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed marked by a U

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monometer

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one foot

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pentameter

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five feet

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hexameter

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six feet

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diometer

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two feet

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trimeter

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three feet

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tetrameter

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four feet

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heptameter

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seven feet

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octameter

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eight feet

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personification

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object that is being personified-capitalized

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metaphor

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compares two unlike things, feelings, or objects

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simile

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compares two dissimilar things but always use the words "as if" (for a clause) or "like"

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allusion

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a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either directly or by implication: an allusion to Shakespeare.