An Introduction To The Human Body

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

The scientific study of the body’s structures

Front 2

Gross anatomy

Back 2

The study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy

Front 3

Microscopic anatomy

Back 3

Study of very small structures of the body using magnification

Front 4

Regional anatomy

Back 4

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

Front 5

Systemic anatomy

Back 5

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

Front 6

Physiology

Back 6

Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

Front 7

Homeostasis

Back 7

Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

Front 8

Cell

Back 8

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains a cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

Front 9

Tissue

Back 9

Group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

Front 10

Organ

Back 10

Functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissue

Front 11

Organ system

Back 11

Group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

Front 12

Organism

Back 12

Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Front 13

Anabolism

Back 13

Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

Front 14

Catabolism

Back 14

Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

Front 15

Metabolism

Back 15

sum of all of the body’s chemical reactions

Front 16

Responsiveness

Back 16

Ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions

Front 17

Development

Back 17

Changes an organism goes through during life

Front 18

Differentiation

Back 18

Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

Front 19

Growth

Back 19

Process of increasing in size

Front 20

Reproduction

Back 20

Process by which new organisms are generated

Front 21

Nutrient

Back 21

Chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

Front 22

Pressure

Back 22

Force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

Front 23

Set point

Back 23

Ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis

Front 24

Normal range

Back 24

Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

Front 25

Negative feedback

Back 25

Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset I the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

Front 26

Sensor (also,receptor)

Back 26

Reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

Front 27

Control center

Back 27

Compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

Front 28

Effector

Back 28

Organ that can cause a change in a value

Front 29

Positive feedback

Back 29

Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

Front 30

Anatomical position

Back 30

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

Front 31

Prone

Back 31

Face down

Front 32

Supine

Back 32

Face up

Front 33

Anterior

Back 33

Describes the front or direction towards the front of the body; also referred to as ventral

Front 34

Posterior

Back 34

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

Front 35

Superior

Back 35

Describes a position above or higher than other parts of the body proper; also referred to as cranial

Front 36

Inferior

Back 36

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or the lowest part of the spinal column) also referred to as the caudal

Front 37

Lateral

Back 37

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

Hint 37

Front 38

Medial

Back 38

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Hint 38

Front 39

Proximal

Back 39

Describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Hint 39

Front 40

Distal

Back 40

Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Hint 40

Front 41

Superficial

Back 41

Describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

Hint 41

Front 42

Deep

Back 42

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body

Hint 42

Front 43

Section

Back 43

In anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through

Front 44

Plane

Back 44

Imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body

Front 45

Sagittal plane

Back 45

Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

Hint 45

Front 46

Frontal plane

Back 46

Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

Hint 46

Front 47

Transverse plane

Back 47

Two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

Hint 47

Front 48

Dorsal

Back 48

Describes the back or direction towards the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

Hint 48

Front 49

Dorsal cavity

Back 49

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity

Hint 49

Front 50

Ventral

Back 50

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior

Hint 50

Front 51

Ventral cavity

Back 51

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined plural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and the peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity

Hint 51

Front 52

Caudal

Back 52

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail ( in humans the coccyx or lowest part of the spinal column) also referred to as inferior

Hint 52

Front 53

Cranial

Back 53

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior

Hint 53

Front 54

Anterior cavity

Back 54

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; also referred to as ventral cavity

Hint 54

Front 55

Posterior cavity

Back 55

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity

Hint 55

Front 56

Cranial cavity

Back 56

Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

Hint 56

Front 57

Spinal cavity

Back 57

Division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity

Hint 57

Front 58

Thoracic cavity

Back 58

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

Hint 58

Front 59

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 59

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Hint 59

Front 60

Serosa

Back 60

Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane

Front 61

Serous membrane

Back 61

Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa

Front 62

Pleura

Back 62

Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

Front 63

Pericardium

Back 63

Sac that encloses the heart

Front 64

Peritoneum

Back 64

Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there

Front 65

Renewal

Back 65

Process by which worn-out cells are replaced

Front 66

CT computed tomography

Back 66

Medical imaging technique in which a computer-enhanced cross-sectional x-ray image is obtained

Front 67

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

Back 67

Medical imaging technique in which a divorce generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body

Front 68

PET positron emission tomography

Back 68

Medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

Front 69

Ultrasonography

Back 69

Application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs

Front 70

X-ray

Back 70

Form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bone