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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1824 Election Candidates |
Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, William Crawford, John Q. Adams (REPUBLICANS) |
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Jacksons Votes |
Most popular and electoral (plurality). Failed to get electoral majority. |
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Adams votes |
2nd in both categories |
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Crawfords votes |
3rd electoral vote 4th popular vote |
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Clays votes |
3rd popular vote 4th electoral vote |
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12th Amendment for voting |
Top 3 electoral vote getters would be voted upon by House 50% Majority would be elected |
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Clay was eliminated because... but |
He was fourth, but he was Speaker of the House, threw his support behind Q. Adams |
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When Clay was appointed Secretary of State |
Jackson said he was swindled out of the presidency by career politicians |
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John Quincy Adams |
Puritanical honor, commanding respect, competent |
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Quincy Adams created |
Monroe Doctrine |
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Quincy Adams was |
Americas greatest diplomat and Secretary of State |
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Quincy Adams removed |
12 public employees, refusing to kick out efficient officeholders |
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Quincy Adams used congress to construct |
Roads, Canals Proposed a national university |
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Jacksonians vs Quincy |
Turned public opinion against an honest and honorable president Limited his success |
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Quincy Adams runs again in 1828 |
Loses 178 - 83 to Jackson |
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The Adams family and elections |
Only two presidents that were not re-elected in Americas first 48yrs |
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Adams defies tradition |
Elected to House of Representatives for 9 terms until death |
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Jacksons new term |
Personified the new West; genuine folk hero |
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Jacksons life |
Born in Carolinas Orphaned early Moved to Tennessee Became a judge and congressman |
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Jackson had violent temper |
Got in many duels, fights, and stabbings Owned many slaves |
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Jackson was |
Anti Federalist, federal government was for the priviledged only |
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Jackson commanded |
Fear and respect from his subordinates Ignored supreme court, veto 12 times |
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1824 Tariff |
Increased from 23% to 37% Wool manufactures wanted higher In 1828, raised to 45% especially on raw materials |
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Southerners fight tariff |
They sold their cotton without tariffs but they products were heavily taxed |
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Tariffs lead the US to |
Buy less British products and vice versa Helped the NE prosper |
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John C Calhoun denounced |
Tariff and called for nulification it by all states |
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Congress passes Tariff of 1832 |
Lowered to 35% Many southerners still hated it |
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1832 Void |
Legislature declared the Tariff of 1832 to be void within SC boundaries |
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Threat for secession |
Against Union Causing huge problems |
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Jackson issues proclamation |
Against SC Gov. Hayne issued countef Secession loomed dangerously |
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Compromise Tariff of 1833 |
Reduced Tariff of 1832 by 10% over eight years |
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Federal Policy; Indian Lands |
Acquire land from Indians through formal treaties Often tricked |
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Cherokees were among few that |
Tried to adopt American ways Argriculture, alphabet, legal code, written constitution |
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Congress declared Cherokee tribal council |
Illegal Asserted jurisdiction over Indian lands and affairs Cherokee won, Jackson refused |
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Jackson proposes |
Indians be transferred west of the Mississippi |
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Indian Removal Act |
Moved from deep south to Oklahoma Thousands died on Trail of Tears Uprooted from sacred lands |
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Sauk & Fox Tribe Revolts |
Illinois and Wisconsin Crushed |
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Seminoles waged Guerilla Warfare |
Broken after Osceola Tricked & Seized Fled deeper into Everglades Others moved to Oklahoma |
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Jackson *Demo* runs in 1832 |
Against Henry Clay *Repub* |
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Third party Anti Masonic Party |
Shared Jacksonian ideals Against Jackson, a mason |
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National convention |
Held to nominate candidates |
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Jackson wins but Clay |
Had money and support of the press |
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Jackson spent most of 2nd term |
Dealing with banking issues 2nd Bank of US |
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1835 Assassination |
Failed |
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Under Jackson, modern |
Two party system was created |
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Opponents of Jackson |
Despised his iron-fisted nature and coalesced into Whig Party United by dislike |
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Jackson was too old to run in 1836 |
Selected Martin Van Buren to succeed him |
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Jacksons regret |
Unable to shoot Clay Unable to hang Clahoun |
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Whigs disorganized |
Hoped no one would win an electoral majority Could win election in HoR |
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Van Buren barely won and was |
The first president to have been born in America |
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Mexico Independence |
Gained from Spain in 1823 |
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Stephen Austin |
Agreement to bring 300 families to Mexico Stipulations: become Mex. citizens, become Catholic, no slavery Stipulations largely ignored |
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Mexico Slaves |
Freed all, prohibited in Texas, angered citizens |
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Austin goes to Mexico |
Clear up differences Jailed for 8months |
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Dictator Santa Anna |
Raised army against Texans Next year they declared independence |
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Slaughters at Alamo & Goliad |
Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna Captured Anna Forced to sign treaty and negated on grounds of duress |
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Texas supported US |
Jackson didnt recognize their independence until last day of office Many Texans wanted to join the US but slavery blocked this |
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Cotton issues |
Ruined soil Needed more land Profits were quick and high |
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Economic structure |
Became increasingly monopolistic (small farmers sold land to large estate when land gave out) |
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Slaves were valuable |
Might run away or be killed by disease |
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One crop economy |
Cotton Price level was at mercy of world markets |
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In 1850, 1733 families owned |
More than 100 slaves Wealthy aristocracy with big houses and huge plantation |
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Slaveless whites |
Raised corn, hogs Lived simply and poorly Many defended slavery because they hoped to own slaves |
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Before cotton gin |
Slavery was dying South burdened with depressed prices, unmarketable goods, over-cropped lands |
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After cotton gin |
Cotton became profitable, easier, more slaves needed |
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North and cotton |
Transported to England & Europe Partly responsible for slave trade |
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South produced half of the worlds |
Cotton |
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By 1860 free blacks in the south |
Were about 250k Many owned property |
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Free blacks could not |
Work in some jobs Forbidden to testify against whites |
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Free blacks were unpopular in the North |
Some states denied entrance, right to vote Barred from public schools |
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Importation of _ banned in 1808 |
Slave importation Smuggling still occured due to high demand |
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Slaves were |
Investment Treated better Spared the most dangerous jobs |
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Slavery created |
Majorities or near-majorities of slaves in deep south |
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Slave revolts |
Had never been successful |
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1831 Nat Turner Revolt |
Slave Revolt Terrified whites |
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By 1860 virtually all slaves were not |
Africans, but native-born African Americans |
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The Liberator |
Anti-slavery newspaper William Lloyd Garrison Jan 1st 1831 |
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Frederick Douglass |
Black abolitionist Escaped slave Looked to politics to solve slavery Backed Liberty Party, Free Soil Party, Republican Party |
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N. Free Blacks |
Persecuted Harassed |
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S. Abolitionists |
Came under attack |
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Abolitionists were |
Unpopular in US Many people believed in the value of slavery in Constitution |
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Abolitionist speeches |
Provoked violence Mod outbursts |
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1835 Garrison escaped |
A mob that dragged him around the streets of Boston |
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1837 Elijah Lovejoy |
Printing press destroyed 3 times Moved across river to free-state IL 4th Printing press destroyed and he died in shoot out with mob |
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South owed the North |
$300 millon by late 1850s |
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North factories depended on |
Southern cotton |
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Clay and Webster planned to control |
President Harrison |
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Harrison died of |
Pneumonia and died 4 weeks after inauguration First to die in office |
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John Tyler |
Elected after Harrison died Did not agree with Pro-Whigs bank, Pro-protective tariff, Pro-internal improvements Southern Democrat |
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Succession issue |
Acting President or President |
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Tyler signed |
Financial reform law Ending independent treasury system |
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Tyler vetoed |
New Bank of US bill Enter cabinet resigned except Webster |
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Texas made treaties with |
France, Holland, Belgium For protection against Mexico since dependence in 1836 |
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Britain wanted Texas to |
Check American expansionism |
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US concerned that |
Britain was too close with Texas Cotton economy undercut by Texas shipping cotton to England |
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US wanted Texas in the Union but |
Could not annex Texas without war with Mexico |
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Texas could provide US with |
More cotton More land |
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1844 Election |
James Polk - Democrats Henry Clay - Whigs |
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James Polk |
Dark horse candidate Democrats couldnt agree on anyone else Speaker of House Gov. of Tennessee |
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Democrats advocated |
Manifest Destiny Concept that US was destine to expand Get as much land as possible |
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Polk election |
Won 170 - 105 Mandate for manifest destiny |
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Texas becomes state |
1845 28th state |
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Oregon border issue |
Under Polk England wanted 42° US wanted 54°40' |
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England proposed |
49° parallel Excluding Vancouver US got more land |
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"Why all of Texas but not all of Oregon?" |
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War with Mexico |
Polk wanted California US / Mexico relations strained |
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Polk sent envoy to |
Buy California $25 Million Mexico refused to see them |
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Polk Showdown |
Jan 13 1846 Ordered 4k men to march to Rio Grande towards Mexican troops |
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Mexican Troops vs American Troops |
Kill / Wound 16 Americans |
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Polk pushes congress for |
War Hoped to beat Mexico and get California |
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General Kearny |
1700 troops to Santa Fe |
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General Taylor |
5000 troops Invaded Mexico Repelled 20k Mexicans |
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General Scott |
Mexico City |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
Feb 2nd 1848 Gave US all Mexican territories from Texas to California US paid $15 million to Mexico Forgave $3.5 millon debt |
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US lost soldiers |
13k soldiers Most by disease Valuable battle experience |
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Wilmot Proviso |
No slavery in Mexican territories Never passed by Senate Raised question of slavery again 13yrs before Civil War |
