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46 Cards in this Set
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Malcolm X |
1)Studied teachings of Elijah Muhammad 2)Appointed as a minister and national spokesman for the Nation of Islam |
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Teachings of Elijah Muhammad |
White Society actively worked to keep African Americans from empowering and achieving political, economic, and social success |
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Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
Civil Rights law that banned literacy tests and other practices that discouraged blacks from voting |
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Black Nationalism |
political and social movement prominent in the 1960s and early 70s in the US for African Amer.
Acquire economic power and infuse blacks with sense of community and group feeling |
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Black Power |
political slogan and name for various ideologies aimed at achieving self-determination for AA |
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Self-Reliance and Black Nationalism |
Most significant leader: Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X Organization: Nation of Islam Tactics: Street Corner rallies, education in the message of self-reliance beliefs: AA should not ask to be a part of a society where they are not welcome; learn to be self-reliant and independent in their own communities |
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Black Power |
Most Significant Leader: Stokely Carmichael Org: SNCC (Carmichael/1966), Black Panthers Tactics: Marches, Education in the message "Black power", confrontation beliefs: AA need to achieve positions of political and economic power in society for progress |
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1967-1968 Battle for Economic Equality |
political victories of the mid 1960s ended legal segregation and expanded voting |
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The Death of Emmett Till |
1955 brought national attention to harsh realities of life in the South during the Jim Crow era |
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Montgomery Bus Boycott |
1955 boycott of the Montgomery, AL bus system in response to the racial segregation of city buses |
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Affirmative Action |
policy of giving special consideration to women and minorities in order to makeup for past discrimination |
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SNCC |
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee student civil rights organization in the 1960s |
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Birmingham Demonstrations |
1963 a series of protest marches and sit-ins by Birmingham's AA against segregated facilities in downtown department stores and against employment discrimination |
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Affirmative Action Programs |
supreme court ruled that affirmative action programs are permitted
race can be a factor must be among several other factors
business/schools that have affirmative action programs can't establish a set number for minorities or women |
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March on Washington |
1963 more than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington DC for a political rally
the event was designed to bring attention to political and social challenges that AA faced |
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Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
signed into law by Pres Lyndon Johnson
Title II banned discrimination in public accommodations
Title VII banned discrimination in employment |
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Freedom Summer |
1964 a volunteer project in which college students spent their summer vacation in Mississippi registering AA to vote |
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24th Amendment |
1964 banned states from taxing citizens to vote in elections on the way out of Selma |
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Selma March |
1965 600 AA began a 54 mile march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge |
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Great Society |
the term for the domestic programs of the Johnson administration |
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Brown V Board of Education |
Supreme Court unanimously agreed that the separate schools violated the Constitution's guarantee of equal protection of the law
against "separate but equal"
1955 desegregation proceed "with all deliberate speed" |
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Nation of Islam |
syncretic new religions movement founded by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930
goals- improve spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of AA
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SCLC |
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a group formed in Georgia in 1957 to organize civil rights protest activities |
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Martin Luther King Jr Losing "War on Poverty" |
because of Vietnam War |
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Nonviolent Protest |
Most Significant Leader: Rev Martin Luther King Jr Org: NAACP, SNCC, SCLC Tactics: Marches Sit-ins Boycotts etc.
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SCLC do about Poor People's Campaign |
They have the March on Washington |
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Emmett Till |
14 year old boy brutally murdered in Mississippi |
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de jure segregation |
segregation by law |
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1967 Martin Luther King Jr |
and other civil rights leaders shifted their focus to the issue of poverty |
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Bus Boycott |
event followed the arrest of Rosa Parks in Dec 1955
continued for 11 months
Nov 1956 Supreme Court ruled that segregation on buses was unconstitutional
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Resurrection City |
the city that the poor people marked to symbol freedom. it was where they stayed to protest |
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"Little Rock Nine" |
1957 Nine AA students who first integrated Central HS in Little Rock, AR
Gov. tried to block the integration of the school (resistance) |
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Enforce Little Rock Nine |
President Eisenhower had to send federal troops to Little Rock to enforce the integration of the school |
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risk for MLK Jr to criticize Pres Johnson |
breaking ties with Pres Johnson |
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"War on Poverty" |
set of programs introduced by President Johnson to fight poverty |
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Challenges to Brown V Board of Education |
1) states and local communities would resist integration 2) "with all deliberate speed" difficult to enforce |
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How did MLK Jr respond to people who said it was a mistake to criticize Pres Johnson |
He does what he thinks is right |
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Why did MLK Jr travel to Memphis Tennessee in 1968 |
to bring attention to struggling sanitation workers |
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"Promised Land" |
a place where blacks, whites, and the poor can live equally and happily |
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"I may no get there with you" Why? |
long battle and he might die before civil rights are granted |
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Reaction of many of America's cities to the death of MLK Jr |
They exploded |
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Sit-ins |
1960-1961 nonviolent protest in a segregated facility reserved for whites where AA sit in defiance to integrate |
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de facto segregation |
segregation as a result of practice or custom |
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March in Memphis Disappointment |
Marchers turned violent |
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Factors that led to de facto segregation |
1. Housing Discrimination 2. Employment Discrimination 3. Discrimination by banks when loaning money to AA
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1968 presidential candidate involved in Civil Right's Movement and Poor People's Campaign |
Robert Kennedy |
