American Revolution And New Colonies

Front 1

What was the first English settlement in America?

Back 1

The London Company established the first permanent English settlement in 1607 at Jamestown, Virginia.

Front 2

What major religious groups settled in the original thirteen colonies?

Back 2

Puritans settled Massachusetts, Roman Catholics settled Maryland, Quakers settled Pennsylvania, and Anglicans settled primarily the southern colonies.

Front 3

Why was Rhode Island established?

Back 3

Puritan intolerance for dissent led to the creation of Rhode Island, a colony that allowed religious freedom.

Front 4

What was the last of the original thirteen colonies?

Back 4

Georgia, the last of the thirteen colonies, was founded as a haven for debtors and a buffer between Spanish and English colonies.

Front 5

What was the Great Awakening?

Back 5

The Great Awakening was a wave of religious enthusiasm that swept through the colonies from the late 1730s to the 1760s. It was characterized by emotionalism and individualism. The Great Awakening led to the creation of several new religious groups and strengthened the beliefs in religious freedom.

Front 6

Why did the English go to war against the French and Indians in 1754?

Back 6

A struggle for control of the Ohio Valley started the French and Indian War, a war in which France lost its empire in North America.

Front 7

What caused the American Revolution?

Back 7

After the French and Indian War ended in 1763 the English government attempted to regulate and tax the colonies to pay for the war. These policies sparked protests by the colonists that led to the American Revolution in 1775.

Front 8

When did Americans declare independence from England?

Back 8

After a year of fighting for the "rights of Englishmen" and "no taxation without representation" Americans declared their independence from England. Independence was inspired in large part by Thomas Paine's pamphlet "Common Sense". The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson.

Front 9

What significant battle led to the American victory over English forces?

Back 9

An American victory at Saratoga, New York, inspired the French to actively help Americans. The American Revolution ended in 1781 when American forces led by Goerge Washington defeated English Troops at Yorktown, VA.

Front 10

What is significant about the Treaty of Paris in 1783?

Back 10

England recognizes the independence of the United States.

Front 11

What were the Articles of Confederation?

Back 11

The Articles of Confederation provided the United States with its first written constitution. Under the Articles of Confederation the central government had no power to tax, to regulate commerce, to raise an army, or to enforce its laws. Each state had one vote in the Confederation Congress and it took a unanimous vote to amend the Articles of Confederation. In short, the Articles of Confederation created a weak central government that many American leaders wanted to strengthen.

Front 12

Christopher Columbus expedition, 1492

Back 12

Columbus unknowingly discovers a "new world".

Front 13

Jamestown, 1607

Back 13

The first permanent English settlement in America.

Front 14

House of Burgesses, 1619

Back 14

First representative assembly America, established in Virginia.

Front 15

Africans brought to North America, 1619

Back 15

Arrived in Virginia aboard a Dutch ship. Originally were indentured servants.

Front 16

Mayflower Compact, 1620

Back 16

Stated that the purpose of their government would be to frame "just and equal laws... for the general god of the colony." Set a basis for a government. It was an important step in Democracy.

Front 17

Massachusetts founded, 1630

Back 17

Settled by the Puritans. It was a royal charter colony.

Front 18

Pennsylvania founded, 1681

Back 18

Settled by the quakers; William Penn claimed Pennsylvania was his "holy experiment".

Front 19

John Peter Zenger trial, 1735

Back 19

An editor who wrote an article criticizing the Governor of New York. Charged with libel. Found not guilty. Freedom of the Press is established loosely from this. A proveable statement may be published without fear of punishment.

Front 20

Great Awakening begins, 1740

Back 20

Great Awakening brought about strong individualism and emotionalism. New religious groups were created.

Front 21

French and Indian War, 1754-1763

Back 21

French vs. British. Begain in Ohio River Valley. Indians allied with the French. British wins and French loses whole American empire. The Americans are taxed as a result of this war.

Front 22

Proclamation of 1763

Back 22

British banned all settlement west of Appalachian Mountains. Americans ignored the law and settled west.

Front 23

Stamp Act, 1765

Back 23

Most direct tax paid to British on 54 different items: written and legal documents, playing cards, dice, newspapers etc. The colonies ptitioned the act and it was repealed.

Front 24

Declaratory Act, 1766

Back 24

Parliament affirmed its right as the supreme legislature of the British Empire.

Front 25

Townshend Acts, 1767

Back 25

Tax on imported goods such as glass, paper products, paints and eventually a tea tax.

Front 26

Boston Massacre, 1770

Back 26

British redcoats fire on a group of people gathered outside the Boston Customs House, killing 5 people. Known as the symbol of British tyranny.

Front 27

Boston Tea Party, 1773

Back 27

Bostonian Sons of Liberty attacked a British ship and dumped tea into the harbor.

Front 28

Intolerable Acts, 1774

Back 28

British closed down the Boston port. **Passed as a result of the Boston Tea Party.** Quartering Act--Housing British soulders. Shut down town meetings.

Front 29

First Continental Congress, 1774

Back 29

56 delegates met in Philadelphia to establish the declaration of colonial rights in September 1774. Colonies wanted rights to do their own work. Articles of Association

Front 30

Battle of Lexington and Concord, 1775

Back 30

April 19th- The first armed conflict of the US war of Independence. It was fought in Massachusetts after British troops tried to sieze supplies in Concord.

Front 31

Second Continental Congress, 1775

Back 31

1775-1781. Met because the first Continental Congress hadn't worked. Wrote the Declaration of Indepence in 1776.

Front 32

Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776

Back 32

Challenged the authority of the British government. The first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain.

Front 33

Declaration of Independence, 1776

Back 33

The document, written by Thomas Jefferson, recording the proclamation of the Second Continental Congress asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain.

Front 34

Battle of Saratoga, 1777

Back 34

Fought near Schuylerville, NY. Defeat of British army under Burgayne by Americans under H. Gates. Ended British plans to cut New England off from the rest of the states and encouraged French assistance.

Front 35

Treaty of Alliance, 1778

Back 35

Between America and France. The two help each other in the event of British attack. Neither country would make amends with London until America's independence was recognized. Beneficial for only 5 years. Came about after Saratoga.

Front 36

Battle of Yorktown, 1781

Back 36

A victory by Americans and French led by Washington, Lafayette and Rochambeau over Cornwallis. Cornwallis surrenders and the British government negotiates an end to the American Revolution.

Front 37

Treaty of Paris, 1783

Back 37

Great Britain formally acknowledged the United States's independence and set the US borders, from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River, and from Canada to the Florida border.

Front 38

John Smith

Back 38

Helped the North American settlement survive. *Jamestown's real leader.* Forced to return to England in 1609 due to injury.

Front 39

Roger Williams

Back 39

Guaranteed separation of church and state and religious freedom in Rhode Island. Kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Front 40

John Winthrop

Back 40

The puritan's first governor

Front 41

William Penn

Back 41

A quaker; established Pennsylvania with land given to him by King Charles II.

Front 42

Jonathan Edwards

Back 42

Sought to revive Puritan visions. Going to church wasn't enough. Leader of The Great Awakening.

Front 43

Pontiac

Back 43

1763. Helped capture British forts in the French and Indian War. United Indian tribes. He was from Ottowa Tribe.

Front 44

Pilgrim (separatist)

Back 44

Independent congregations. Fled from religious prosecution.

Front 45

Puritan

Back 45

Settled in Massachusetts. No tolerance for dissent, which led to the creation of Rhode Island. Going to church was a must.

Front 46

Great Migration, 1630-1640

Back 46

Large wave of 20,000 Englishmen [Puritans] to the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Front 47

Quaker

Back 47

Settled in Pennsylvania. Religious group prosecuted in England for their beliefs. Pacifists - Against war and killing.

Front 48

Middle passage

Back 48

The voyage that brought enslaved Africans to West Indies and then to North America.

Front 49

Indentured Servant

Back 49

A worker on a temporary contract for passage, shelter and/or sustenance.

Front 50

Mercantilism

Back 50

The economic system in which nations seek to increase their wealth and power with gold and riches and establishing a favorable balance of trade.

Front 51

Sam Adams

Back 51

Leader of the Sons of Liberty. Called for boycotts against the British.

Front 52

King George III

Back 52

The king during the American Revolution and the colonization of America.

Front 53

Thomas Jefferson

Back 53

Wrote the Declaration of Independence.

Front 54

George Washington

Back 54

Led the American army. First president of the United States

Front 55

Marquis de Lafayette

Back 55

Joined Washington's staff at Valley Forge. Led a command in VA.

Front 56

Charles Cornwallis

Back 56

British commander. Surrenders at Battle of Yorktown. Captured Charles Town, SC.

Front 57

salutary neglect

Back 57

England relaxes the enforcement of laws for colonies in exchange for the colonies' continued loyalty.

Front 58

triangular trade

Back 58

Trade system between Africa, England/Europe, The West Indies and North American colonies. The Caribbean traded sugar to New England, which traded rum to Africa in exchange for slaves, which went to the Caribbean.

Front 59

Writs of assistance

Back 59

Massachusetts, 1751, Acts of Trade. Smuggling becomes common. Writs soon were issued to search not only businesses and organizations, but private homes. James Otis said this violated natural rights.

Front 60

Patriot

Back 60

A person who loves, supports and defends his or her own country and its interests with devotion. Loyalty to the colonies.

Front 61

Loyalist

Back 61

Colonists who supported British government during the American Revolution.

Front 62

Deism

Back 62

Belief in the existence of a God on the evidence of reason and nature only, with rejection of supernatural revelation.