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70 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is a blockade?
a method of sealing off an area by the use of naval or other forces
What happened on June 17, 1775?
George Washington became the commander of the Continental Army.
What is a guerilla?
a member of a small fighting group that moves swiftly to avoid capture
What is a Loyalist?
a colonist who chose to remain loyal to Britain rather than support American independence.
What is a mercenary?
a soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay.
What is a privateer?
a privately owned vessel authorized by the government o attack enemy ships.
How many colonies met in Philadelphia in 1775 to discuss independence?
13
What was the meeting of the 13 colonies in Philadelphia called?
The Continental Congress
What was the olive branch petition?
the document that the colonists offered King George asking for protection from the harsh policies. He refused, leading to war.
What was The American Crisis?
Thomas Paine's pamphlet about the harsh conditions of Continental Army, urge them to keep fighting.
What did Common Sense advocate?
independence from Britain
What country agreed to fight with the colonies against Britain?
France
Who surrendered at Saratoga?
General Burgoyne, Great Britain
When was the Battle of Yorktown?
October 19, 1781
What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?
British surrendered to Ameircans.
Name the boundaries set by the Treaty of Paris
North: Canada
West: Mississippi River
South: Spanish Florida
When were the British and the colonists fighting for New York City and the area around it?
July through November of 1776
What was Washington's first big victory?
December 25, 1776, crossing the Delaware River and attacking at Trenton
What is "strategy"?
overall plan of action
What was the British strategy in 1776 and 1777?
Control the Hudson River Valley: cut off New England from the rest of the the colonies
In July 1777, what fort did the British general Burgoyne capture?
Fort Ticonderoga in upper New York State
What State and City did General Howe (British) attack in September, 1777?
Philadelphia, Pennslyvania
Where was General Burgoyne trying to go in the fall of 1777?
To meet General Howe in Albany, NY
Did General Burgoyne get to Albany?
NO
Where was General Burgoyne defeated by the colonial army?
Battle of Saratoga, NY, October 1777.
In the Battle of Saratoga, who did Benedict Arnold fight for?
Colonists?
Why is Benedict Arnold known to US history as a TRAITOR?
Because he changed sides and surrendered a US fort to the British in 1780.
What is an ally?
a country that agrees to help another country achieve a common good.
Why did France agree to help the colonies fight the British after the Battle of Saratoga?
Because they were bitter that they lost their North American colonies in the French and Indian War, maybe is Britain lost this war they could get something back.
What nation helped the colonists contain the British in the south?
Spain
What is a bayonet?
A long steel knife attached to the end of a gun
Where did Washington's troops spend the winter of 1777-1778
Valley Forge, PA
What were the conditions like in Valley Forge for the army?
terrible, they lacked food, shoes, they froze, their feet and legs were amputated, blood in the snow, extreme hardship
What does the term "desert" mean militarily?
leave military duty without intending to return
Who led the colonists on the Western Frontier and captured British outposts?
George Rogers Clark
Who was the most famous naval officer for the colonies?
John Paul Jones
What was the change in strategy for the war in 1778 for the British?
Move from the North to the South, they thought there were more loyalists there.
What were the two big victories for the British in the South?
Savannah and Charleston.
Who was the British general in the South?
Lord Cornwallis
What was one of the first victories for the colonists in the South?
Kings Mountain, North Carolina...they killed more than 1,000 Loyalists who had surrendered.
What does "pacifist" mean
opposed to war.. Quakers are pacifists.
How did the French help Washington defeat Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781?
They blockaded the Chesapeake and prevented the British from getting supplies from New York and escaping.
What was the date of Yorktown?
October 19, 1781
What were four advantages that the colonists had?
Better leadership
Foreign Aid
Knowledge of the Land
Motivation
What year was the Treaty of Paris signed?
1783
What government philosophy did the colonists chose?
republicanism
What did republicanism mean to the colonists?
government obtain the right to rule from the people and was responsible to them
Who was the Marquis de Lafayette?
young french noble man who came to fight with the colonists, provided money and leadership.
What three states outlawed slavery after the Revolutionary War?
Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Vermont
Who was Baron von Steuben?
helped train the colonial army in Valley Forge, showed them how to use bayonettes, form ranks, etc.
What is a Patriot?
colonist that supported independence from Britain
When did the Second Continental Congress meet?
1775, May
When was the Battle of Lexington and Concord
April, 1775
Who led the Americans in the attack on Fort Ticonderoga?
Ethan Allen, leader of the Green Mountain Boys
When did the colonists attack Fort Ticonderoga?
April, 1775
When was the Battle of Bunker HIll?
May, 1775
What happened at Bunker Hill?
The British won but they suffered huge losses and militia did well.
What are militia?
the early groups of armed colonists fighting the British.
When did the colonists attack Quebec?
November, 1775. total failure
Why did the British leave Boston?
Because Washington got cannons from Fort Ticonderoga, put them on hills around the harbor and threatened to bombard the city and the British soldier. General Howe retreats to NYC>
Which pamphlet made the case for independence?
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Who was the king of England during the American Revolution?
George III
Name five drafters of the Declaration of Independence
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Roger Sherman
Robert Livingston
Who was the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence?
John Hancock, the president of the Second Continental Congress
What philosopher was the Declaration of Independence based on?
John Locke
Who were the Hessians?
Hired German mercenary soldiers for the British, they were in the Battle of Trenton and Princeton.
What was the "social contract"?
The relationship between the people and the government: the people have certain unalienable rights and if the government takes them away, they lose the right to govern.
When was the Battle of Princeton?
January, 1776
Who won the Battle of Princeton?
Washington and the colonial army
Where and when was the Battle of Camden?
August, 1780 in Camden, South Carolina. The British won.