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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did people move to America? |
Learn four! Over crowding in Europe Escaping religious persecution To escape disease and illness More job opportunities Poverty / lack of jobs To escape European law / taxes To become land owners Slavery |
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What were some of the nationalities ( percentage of those ) of the colonists? |
50% English 20% African slaves 15% Welsh, Scottish, Irish 8% German 7% European other |
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What is mercantilism |
An economic theory that promotes government regulation. |
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Characteristics of the wealthy elite? |
Large land owners, rich merchants or lawyers.
Copied English fashion |
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Characteristics of the middle class? |
Made up the majority of the population.
Small farmers, artisans, shopkeepers, had a strong sense of independence.
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Characteristics of the 'working class' or known as 'Labourers'? |
The poorest of the white people.
Landless farmhands, unskilled labourers.
Hardship made them much more likely to be angrier and to join in on riots. |
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What year did the Seven Years' War begin? |
1756 |
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What were some of the key impacts of the 'seven years war'? |
It had become apparent to the British that Americans were commonly smuggling.
Military training had been provided to 25, 000 colonists.
Colonists had expected to expand into land taken from France.
Extra defences would be needed as colonists wanted to move west and there was a likelihood of Native American attacks. |
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What was the Proclamation line? |
Grenville created a 'boundary line' across the Appalachian mountains that stated that all colonies settled west of the line would be nullified |
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What was Pontiac's rebellion? |
Native Americans feared the white settlers expansion and rose in revolt.
They destroyed many English outposts and killed or captured hundreds of settlers in the process.
This convinced the English that the settlers couldn't protect themselves. |
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What was the 1764 sugar act? |
Settlers were expected to pay tax on molasses and sugar imported from non-British colonies.
It effected only one region, New England, which had most of the distillers.
Later on, it included: Wine, silk and coffee. |
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What was the 1764 sugar act? |
Settlers were expected to pay tax on molasses and sugar imported from non-British colonies.
It effected only one region, New England, which had most of the distillers.
Later on, it included: Wine, silk and coffee. |
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What was the currency act? |
This placed a ban on colonial paper money, this act was focused upon Virginia.
This was so settlers could pay their debts to British settlers.
This made many people Become bankrupt. |
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What was the reaction to the currency acts? |
The currency act couldn't have been passed at a worse time as they were going through an economic depression.
The deflationary effects of the currency act threatened some Americans with ruin. |
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What was the Stamp Act? |
When colonists had to pay a tax upon certain documents and products such as: newspapers or playing cards to pay for colonial defence.
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How did the colonists react? |
They created effigies of stamp distributors, and tarred and feathered + set them on fire.
They attacked distributors houses to force them to resign.
They boycotted British goods.
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How did the colonists react? |
They created effigies of stamp distributors, and tarred and feathered + set them on fire.
They attacked distributors houses to force them to resign.
They boycotted British goods.
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How did the colonists react to the stamp act? |
They created effigies of stamp distributors, and tarred and feathered + set them on fire.
They attacked distributors houses to force them to resign.
They boycotted British goods.
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What do you know about the repeal of the stamp act? |
Grenville was replaced in 1765 by Rockingham.
British merchants campaigned for the stamp act to be repealed because of the boycott.
General Gage informed them the act couldn't be enforced |
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What do you know about the repeal of the stamp act? |
Grenville was replaced in 1765 by Rockingham.
British merchants campaigned for the stamp act to be repealed because of the boycott.
General Gage informed them the act couldn't be enforced
The act was repealed in 1766. |
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What do you know about the Townshend duties? |
They were taxes on: glass, wine, China, lead, paint, paper and tea.
Colonists had complained about internal taxes, but Benjamin Franklin had drawn the distinction between internal and external and thus the English imposed external trade regulations.
Although colonists were still angry about England trying to control them.
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What was the colonist reactions to the Townshend duties? |
The Massachusetts assemble sent out a circular letter denouncing the duties.
Boston organised a new economic boycott.
Merchants who didn't comply to the boycott often had their warehouses broken into and were threatened with being tarred and feathered. |
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What was the colonist reactions to the Townshend duties? |
The Massachusetts assemble sent out a circular letter denouncing the duties.
Boston organised a new economic boycott.
Merchants who didn't comply to the boycott often had their warehouses broken into and were threatened with being tarred and feathered. |
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What was the quartering act? |
Was designed to be a solution for the shortage of military accommodation.
Required colonial assembles to provide provisions for quartering and supplying British troops. |
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How did the British react to New York when they refused to comply with the quartering act? |
They passed the New York restraining act which suspended the assemble passing legislation until they complied.
New York, with no support from other colonies, had to back down. |
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How did the British react to New York when they refused to comply with the quartering act? |
They passed the New York restraining act which suspended the assemble passing legislation until they complied.
New York, with no support from other colonies, had to back down. |
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What was the American board of customs commissioners? |
Government officials placed in Boston, that were to make sure taxes were paid and were in charge of the harbours paying the right taxes.
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How did the British react to New York when they refused to comply with the quartering act? |
They passed the New York restraining act which suspended the assemble passing legislation until they complied.
New York, with no support from other colonies, had to back down. |
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What was the American board of customs commissioners? |
Government officials placed in Boston, that were to make sure taxes were paid and were in charge of the harbours paying the right taxes.
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How did the Americans react to the board of commissioners? |
The commissioners were targets of popular wrath.
The board sought help from the Royal Navy that arrived the harbour to support the board which sized John Hancock's boat called the liberty.
The commissioners were threatened by the colonists so much they had to retreat to castle Willian's.
This led to the sons of Liberty controlling Boston.
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How did the Americans react to the board of commissioners? |
The commissioners were targets of popular wrath.
The board sought help from the Royal Navy that arrived the harbour to support the board which sized John Hancock's boat called the liberty.
The commissioners were threatened by the colonists so much they had to retreat to castle Willian's.
This led to the sons of Liberty controlling Boston.
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What was the Boston massacre? |
This was built up through a number of days.
- 22nd February - a customs informant killed a 11 year old boy in a riot. The boy's funeral was turned to a political demonstration attempted by 5000 Bostonians.
- 2nd of March, soldiers looking for jobs in a factory were attacked by colonists.
- 5th of March, a group of soldiers were attacked by hard-packed snowballs, the troops open fired upon the colonists killing five.
Sam Adam's broadcast this as a deliberate massacre and created Martyrs. |
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What was the tea act of 1773? |
The government introduced the tea act designed to save the East India Trading Company.
They still enforced a tax on tea, but made the EITC's tea unaffected to convince people to buy it.
The tea was so cheap, it undercut tea sold by legitimate settlers. |
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What was the tea act of 1773? |
The government introduced the tea act designed to save the East India Trading Company.
They still enforced a tax on tea, but made the EITC's tea unaffected to convince people to buy it.
The tea was so cheap, it undercut tea sold by legitimate settlers. |
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How did the colonist react to the Tea act? |
People refused to buy the tea whilst it was still under the acts.
People saw it as an attempt to tax the colonists and to suspend their assembles.
Violence was threatened against the merchants who sold EITC tea.
Tea was sent back to Britain.
The Boston Tea Party |
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What was the tea act of 1773? |
The government introduced the tea act designed to save the East India Trading Company.
They still enforced a tax on tea, but made the EITC's tea unaffected to convince people to buy it.
The tea was so cheap, it undercut tea sold by legitimate settlers. |
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How did the colonist react to the Tea act? |
People refused to buy the tea whilst it was still under the acts.
People saw it as an attempt to tax the colonists and to suspend their assembles.
Violence was threatened against the merchants who sold EITC tea.
Tea was sent back to Britain.
The Boston Tea Party |
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What was the Boston Tea party? |
114 chests of EITC tea entered the harbour through the ship ' the Dartmouth.'
Thousands gathered daily to ensure the tea couldn't be unloaded from the ship. Two more tea ships arrived.
Then, 60 sons of Liberty directed by Sam Adams boarded the vessels and threw 342 chests of tea - about £10,000 worth - into the harbour.
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what were the The coercive acts? |
The Boston port was closed and all trade was delayed until the tea was paid for.
The governor of Massachusetts gained the power to fire any civil officials he needed to. This was due to the Massachusetts government act.
The administration act meant that criminals could be deported to Britain to be trailed.
Created a new quartering act.
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What was the Quebec act of 1774? |
The attempt to solve the problem of governing the French inhabitants of Canada angered the colonists.
The act placed authority in the hands of the governor without and elected assemble and limited trail by jury.
This scared colonists into thinking that the whole of North America was going to be put into a authoritarian government .
And the land given to Canada looked like an attempt to check westward expansion from the colonists.
Also, Canada was Catholic.
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How did the Americans react to the coercive acts? |
Colonists believed the acts were a threat to all colonies.
People rallied to support Boston, they sent food and money to help the poor.
New York settlers repeated the 'Boston tea party'.
They boycotted British goods.
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