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192 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the minds and hearts of Americans, what was the start of the American Revolution?
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The French and Indian War
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What problems did the British face after the French and Indian war?
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1. How to protect land
2. How to divide land |
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Because protecting and dividing land cost money, how did the British try to get money?
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They Started to tax citizens
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Define Utopia
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a perfect society
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How did America feel about the British after the Revolution and how did the British feel?
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They wanted to be left alone while the British wanted to be more involved
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What was the goal of the enlightenment and what were they focused on?
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Goal: to make society happy & perfect
Focused on: The Laws of Nature |
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What things/movements went on during the enlightenment and what happened during them?
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1. Protestant Reformation: breaking away from the chruch; Martin Luther
2. Scientific Revolution: Issac Newton; gravity,laws of nature 3. Mass Migration: people moving from england to the US 4. 1st great Awakening: religion |
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Who were the Enlightenment thinkers?
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John Locke, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Thoas Paine
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What was John Lockes Idea what did it mean?
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Tabula Rasa - "Blank Slate"
meaning you can create a perfect society and eliminate sin |
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Why did people get upset over Tabula Rasa?
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because he was "going against god"
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Who wrote Treaties on civil government and what was it about?
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John Locke; all people are equal, taking property is a violation of rigts, ultimate power
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What did Locke say the role of government was?
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Governments Role is to protect rights
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What was Lockes Idea of Ultimate power?
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people could over throw government if it goes against their rights.
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What Government did Montesquiew believe in?
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Absolutionism
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What is Absolutionism?
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King controlled everything witout going beyond bounds
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What did Montesquieu say you must have in government?
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Checks and Balances
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Who wrote "Spirit of the laws" (1776)?
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Mostesquieu
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Who wrote "wealth of nations" (1776)and what was it about?
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Adam Smith; no mercantilism would make people happy
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What did Smith believe government should not be apart of?
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Trade, Free Trade, Lassies Faire
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Who wrote "Common Sense" (1776)and what was it about?
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Thomas Paine; it put all the ideas of the enlightenment together into one arguement
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What did they call Thomas Paine?
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The Great Synthesizer
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What was the Natural Religion during the enlightenment and what theory was is based on?
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Deism; "clock maker" theory
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What did Deist believe?
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supreme being created everything and put everything into motion and it was perfect and nothing needed to be changed
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What issues did Chritianity and Deist have?
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praying and jesus
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What are the reasons for the Revolution?
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1.Taxes, 2. Attitudes, 3.Events, 4.Enlightenment, 5.Distance, 6.Conspiracy, 7. Violation of natural rights, 8. Idea's, 9. Class
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What year did Britian begin to vamp up merchantilism and start taxing more?
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1764
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What was the sugar act?
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tax on molasses used to make rum
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1720-1760 Salutary Neglect came about because?
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They were too busy with wars; 2 generations of "Free Trade"
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The Stamp Act (1765) did what?
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taxed all paper goods
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How many colonies were in parliament when the stamp act was signed?
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zero
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What kind of tax was the Stamp act?
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Internal Tax
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Colonist Protested "No tazatoin without Representation", how did the british respond?
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"you don't need an american in parliament, we're always thinking of you!"
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Protest were bigger than ever, what went on during the House of burgesses?
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Virginia's Governing Body & Patrick henry's "Stamp Act Resolves"
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During the Stamp Act who started the Boston Mob?
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Sam Adams
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What happened to Thomas Hutchinson's house?
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The mobs took everything except the kitchen
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During the stamp act protest, what happend in Charleston, SC?
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protesters tore down the flag and painted liberty across it
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What did the protester do to the "Stamp Collector" in Charleston, SC?
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They Tarred and Feathered him
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In savannah, GA, what did protesters do?
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erected the liberty pole and went to governor Sir James Wright's house; they hung a guy b/c he said he was the stamp collector.
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Who did the Colonist send to parliament?
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Ben Franklin
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Ben told parliament they were valid in everything except what?
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things converning Internal taxes
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Did parliamnet understand what the colonies wanted?
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No
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what two organizations were formed during the protest?
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Sons and Liberty (sam adams) & daughters of liberty
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Stamp act was repealed in what year?
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1766
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What was the Declaratory Act (1766)?
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Parliament had the authority to legislate in the colonies in all classes and cases
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What theory made the colonist believe the British were taking away their rights?
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Conpiracy Theory
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Who wrote the "Ideological Origins of the American Revolution" and what did it concern?
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Bailyn; found from primary resources that after the stamp act, American's started to beliebe in conpiracy
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True or False: America liked Parliament and thought the king was going against their rights.
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FALSE (liked king, not parliament)
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Townshend Duties were named after who and who was he?
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Charlie Townshend "champaign charlie" - Chancellor of the Exchequer "treasure"
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Townshend Duties were (1767) taxes on what?
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lead, Paint, Glass, Paper, Tea
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What kind of taxes were the taxes during the Townshend Duties?
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external taxes
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What tea monopoly was created by the British?
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East Indian tea Company
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who had black market tea and why couldn't the colonist use it?
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the Dutch; they could only use the British tea
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Through what ways did the American's respond to taxes?
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Education, Unification and Non Importation
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Who wrote "Letters from a famer in PA?" what was the purpose of it?
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John Dickinson; purpose was too educate American's on their rights, said that noone could take them away.
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Why was the iorny John Dicinson's letters?
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He was a layer and wanted to seem like a common person, he wasn't
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Who wrote "Circular Letter"? and what was it's purpose? Did it work?
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Sam Adams and James Otis; to unify the colonies. to protest for rights and liberties; yes.
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America was the first country in the world to pursue what concept?
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Non-Importation/embargo/sanctions
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what was the purpose of Non importation?
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to strike the British where it hurts "money."
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What happened March 5th, 1770?
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They did away/lowerd taxes, expect on tea
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Why did the British say they lowerd taxes?
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because they wanted to and they were still in charge and colonist will still pay.
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What is the Date of the Boston Massacre?
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March 5th, 1770
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Why did the colonist protest the standing army in boston?
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They disrupted life, they took away rights and liberties, they commandeered peoples stuff, they took bostonians jobs
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What was the British Army called?
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Lobster Backs
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What happend at the British Commons?
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British set up shop there and distrupted life by waking colonist up in the mornings with violence (tied colonist to cannons)
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What was the Customs house?
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Where the British stored weapons
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What happened at the customs house?
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colonist said something and a soldier mouthed off, the colonist threw a snowball and they crowd grew getting more angry. british fired into the crowd.
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who was the first african american to die for the liberty of the country?
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Crispus Attucks
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Who spread profaganda of Boston Massacure?
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Paul Reever
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Who died during the boston massacre at the customs house?
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Samuel Gray, Samuel Maverick, James Caldwell, Crispus Attucks and Patick Carr
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Who defended the soliders who were put on trial for murder? and why did he do it?
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John Adams; to stand up for liberty because everyone deserves a fair trial
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The Soldiers charges after the boston massacure were?
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all got off except 2, charges were reduced to man1 and an 'm' were branded onto their thumbs
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what year did the East Indian Tea company go under and what did the british decide to do?
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1773; FORCE colonist to buy
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What british prime misister pushed for the stamp act?
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Geroge Greenville
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What happened to savannah's tea shipment?
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they were scared to unload so after 6 weeks, they turned around
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What happened to charleston's tea shipment?
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they docked tea and colonist stole and hid tea
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What did south carolina sell tea for?
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to finance the american revolution
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What happened to Philly's tea shipment?
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they turned around without stop[ing
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Who did britian think was the 'bad child' of the colonies?
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Massachusetts
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how did the British want to punish them for the Boston Massacure
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throw a tea party
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how many ships were docked in boston?
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three
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why did the son's of liberty meet in secret in the middle of the night
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to dicuss the tea and what they were going to do
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What did the son's of liberty do during the boston tea party?
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dresses up like indians and attacked the ships, busting boxes and throwing tea overboard
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How many boxes of tea were destroyed?
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342
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What were the Coercive Acts?
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acts to make colonist behave, directed towards Boston, Mass
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What was the purpose to the Quebec act?
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to sidetrack colonist from protesting religion. Openned it up to Catholics. failed.
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What was the purpose of the Boston Port Act?
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trade and money -
closed down Boston's Ports (first time ever) |
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what was the purpose of the massachusetts government act? what did they replace the gov't with?
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Government and Represendtation- shut down the colonial government. replace with a standing army
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who was the standing army's leader?
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Governor Thomas Gates
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What was the purpose of the Quantering Act?
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Property and Privacy- Soldiers could take what they wanted and do what they wanted with it
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What was the purpose of the Jury Act?
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Freedom and Speech and fair trial- if an army was arough a civilian they could in no way disrespect him
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Where did the 1st continental congress meet and how many delgates came?
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Philadelphia at Carpenters hall, 56 delegates -Sam Adams, John Adams, Patrick Henry, George Washington
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Which state did not send delegates to the 1st continental congress?
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Georgia
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what was the goal of the 1st continential congress?
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to get Britian to cave in, representation and to remove the intolerable/corosive acts.
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what is the suffolk resolves?
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the 1st thing the 1st continental congress passed, called for the creation of a colonial army
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Who said "Here the distinctions between new englanders and virginians are no more. i am not a virginian, i am an american"
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Patrick Henry
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What happened at the customs house?
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colonist said something and a soldier mouthed off, the colonist threw a snowball and they crowd grew getting more angry. british fired into the crowd.
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who was the first african american to die for the liberty of the country?
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Crispus Attucks
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Who spread profaganda of Boston Massacure?
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Paul Reever
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Who died during the boston massacre at the customs house?
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Samuel Gray, Samuel Maverick, James Caldwell, Crispus Attucks and Patick Carr
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Who defended the soliders who were put on trial for murder? and why did he do it?
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John Adams; to stand up for liberty because everyone deserves a fair trial
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The Soldiers charges after the boston massacure were?
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all got off except 2, charges were reduced to man1 and an 'm' were branded onto their thumbs
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what year did the East Indian Tea company go under and what did the british decide to do?
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1773; FORCE colonist to buy
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What british prime misister pushed for the stamp act?
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Geroge Greenville
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What happened to savannah's tea shipment?
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they were scared to unload so after 6 weeks, they turned around
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What happened to charleston's tea shipment?
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they docked tea and colonist stole and hid tea
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Why didn't GA go to the 1st continental congress?
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They were surrounded by the british and angry indians, they had ties to the british through mercantilism, they were afraid of being whiped out by the indians and they had a popular royal governor.
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Who was GA's Royal governor and how long did he reign for?
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Sir James Wright, 20 years
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During merchantilism, what trade made inians in debt to Georgians?
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Fur trade
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What was the New Purchase in GA?
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Sir James wright called a meeting between the idians to cut a deal with land.
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how much land did GA get from the indians and how much did GA's size increase?
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2 million acres, increased by a third
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What GA County did the New purchase land become and what year?
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Wilkes County in 1777
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Who was the Governor of Massachusetts?
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Thomas Gage
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what instructions did Parliament send to Thomas Gates?
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1. destroy the ammunition dump at concord
2.Arrest principle aggitators |
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Where was the ammunition of the colonies located?
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concord
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who were on the list of principle aggitators sent by parliament?
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sam adams, paul reever, etc.
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Who said he would signal "one if by land, two if by sea" if the british came?
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paul reever
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The battle of Lexington took place when?
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4/19/1775
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What happened during the battle of lexington?
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colonist were warned the british were coming and they were upset becuase it was so early in the morning and they were drunk because they were so scared, an american accidentally fired.
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What was the famous shot called at lexington that began the American Revolution?
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"the shot heard around the world"
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what was the 1st battle of the revolution, who won and how many deaths were there?
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Lexington;British;8 deaths
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What date was concord fought on?
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4/19/1775
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Where was the battle of concord fought?
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the Old North Bridge
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Did the british achieve their goal at concord?
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no
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What war tactics did the American use?
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Guerilla
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what men of the continental army were "ready in a minute?"
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Minute men
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who were the 2 American commanders during the formation of the continental army?
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Artemus Ward and Israel Putnam
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What was the British's General?
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William Howe
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when and where did the Battle of Bunker Hill take place?
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June 17th, 1775 at breeds hill
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how did the british begin the battle of bunker hill?
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Burning down Charleston
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How many times did the British charge at bunker hill?
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3
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During bunker hill, what did the american commander say when they were out of ammunition?
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"don't shoot till you see the whites of their eyes"
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Who won Bunker hill?
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British
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what kind of win was the british's during bunker hill? why?
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pyrrhic victory (victory at high price) British had 1150 casualties
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who did congree pick for an american general after quebec? and why?
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GW because he was a southerner and wanted to unite the colonies
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what was Washington's record during the revolution?
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w-3 (Yorktown,VA Princeton, NJ Trenton, NJ) L-2 T-1
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who were the american commanders during the battle of quebec?
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Richand Montgomery and Benedict Arnold
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Who did americans recruit during the battle of quebec? who was the commander of this group?
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Green Mountain Boys from the appalachain mountains; Ethan Allen
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Who won quebec?
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British
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Which General was killed in Quebec?
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Montgomery, our best general
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Did Ga send delegates to the 2nd continental congress?
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yes!
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Who had the idea to write the declaration of independence while riding in a carrage to the congress?
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John Adams
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Who were on the 2nd continental congress committee?
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Thomas Jefferson (VA)
Ben Franklin (PA) John Adams (MA) Roger Sherman (CT) Robert Livingston (NY) |
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who wanted reconciliation and who was their leader?
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factions; John Dickinson
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What is the Olive Brand Petition?
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meant peace, sent it to the king and he stepped on it
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who did congress want to write the Dec. of Ind?
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Ben Franklin
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Who wrote the Dec. of Ind.?
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Thomas Jefferson
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how much of jefferson's origial declaration did they use?
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all except 10%; took out the comdemnation of slavery
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Declaration did what?
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created states, attached the king, had ideas of the enlightenment and declaration condemeded slavery
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did they follow the declaration of independence?
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No, slavery still remained
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What were the 3 GA signers?
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Button Gwinnett
Lyman Hall George Walton |
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Where did Howe move his troops after bunker hill?
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Halifax, Novascotia
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What was washington's plan in the campaign of 1776?
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Get to NY before the British
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What was howe's plan in the campaign of 1776?
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to take NY
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what were washingtons two forts during the campaign of 1776?
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Fort washington and fort lee
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What was washington's strategy during the campaign of 1776?
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Put troops in NYC and long island
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Who was in charge of the American troop on long island?
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Israel Putnam
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What were washington's goof ups during the campaign?
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1.led himself to a city that he did not choose
2.did not protect the jamacia passage 3. allwed british army to get into his rear 4. did not retreat 5. allowed them to get into his rear again 6.rusted to give up the forts 7.split his army up |
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half of the british army were what kind of soldiers?
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Hessian's
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Who were the toughest soliders who were really hard core hessians?
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Prussians
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who was the prussian leader?
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Von Hiester
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What were Junkers?
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Prussian elite class, ritual to cut faces to get a scar
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when did the Battle of Long Island take place?
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August 27th, 1776
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Battle of Long Island?
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Von Heiste was told to feint and Howe and his army attached washington from the Jamacia pass. "pincher". Washington did not plan a retreat and they surrendered and jumped into the ocean. 400 British/ 2000 American
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When did the battle of Harlem heights take place?
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september 16th, 1776
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Battle of Harlem Heights?
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washington needed a spy to see what was up and the british moved to make another sandwhich, washington told the people at the forts to hold them at all cost. GW retreated and british took thr forts and soliders as prisoners
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who was the american spy who said "i regret that i only have but one life to five for my country"?
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Nathan Hale
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what was the date of White Plains?
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October 28th, 1776
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Battle of white plains?
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washington held the british off for a while, then he split up his army, 11,000 went to lee and 2500 went to washington, washington ended up fleeing for his life and both went into winter headquarters
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Who was the Hessian Leader?
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Mojor Rall
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When was the Battle of trenton?
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Christmas 1776 at Day break
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why did washington want to attack trenton at day break?
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they would be unprepared and drunk b/c of christmas partying
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battle of trenton?
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washington had to get his army across the delaware river but it was frozen and they had no boats, they asked citizens for boats. They wanted to attack from 3 different directions. They all got there at the right times and attacked while the hessians were trashed. they surrendered and Rall was killed
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who was chief of autillery?
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Henry Knox - good but slow
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what was the result of the battle of trenton?
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gave americans hope
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Did washingtons army enlist again after the speeches?
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yes, after the 2nd one
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When was the battle of Princeton?
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jan 3 1776
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Battle of priceton?
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GW chose the war of post and they striked before word reached cornwallis
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What was the result of Princeton?
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british lost (big)
morale booster for america british are forced to abandon nj |
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what was howe's plan during the philly campaign?
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take philly
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what two battles was washington forced to fight during the philly campaign?
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Brandywine September 11 1777 and Germantown October 4th 1777 (lost both and both disasters) after german town the gov't fleed into the woods
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who had more soldiers during the philly campaign?
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washington 8000 and howe 6000
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what was the conway cabal?
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a conspiracy to get rid of GW
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who were involved in the Conway Cabal?
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General Conway, Charles Lee and Benedict Arnold
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Another army was formed in 1777 in NY, who was it headed by?
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Arnold and Horatio Gates
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what was howes plan during the saratoga campaing of 1777?
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to sandwhich washington again down the Hudson river, he sent Burgoynne and his troops to do this and Horatio gates had an army on the way (GW send Arnold to assist)
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Freeman's Farm?
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NY September 19th, 1777 "first saratoga" burgoynne was forced to turn away and that set up the big saratoga
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Saratoga!?
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October 17, 1777 Burgoynne surrendered his entire army and that showed that america could do it themselves. arnold was wounded. convenced the french to join the war
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true or false
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Benedict Arnold was consumed with himself and was married to a tory
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What is a tory?
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supported the british, a lot were merchants, 3/5 of the population were tories
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Who was the most nutorius tory?
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William franklin (ben's son) kicked out of america
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Why was Arnold not liked in history?
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he was consumed with himself and thought he was better than others. British said they appreciate him and they would pay him and make him a british general (offered by Major andre)
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what did the british want from arnold?
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fort west point, everything was finalized on paper and the british found major andre because he looked suspicious and they found the paper, washington thought the british were framing him. Arnold ran away and Andre was hung
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