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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The question of counting slaves for purposes of representation was ultimately resolved by... |
three fifths compromise |
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what did the three fifths comprise resolve? |
The question of counting slaves for purposes of representation |
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what was counting every five slaves as three people |
three fifths compromise |
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what was the three fifths compromise |
counting every five slaves as three people |
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what was the most difficult issue faced by the framers? |
slavery |
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bicameralism |
division of legislative assembly into two chambers |
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what is the division of legislative assembly into two chambers |
bicameralism |
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Article I of the U.S. Constitution provides for the |
legislative branch |
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what article of the U.S. constitution provides for the legislative branch |
Article I |
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who were the anti-federalists |
those who opposed the new constitution because they wanted a weaker central government |
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who were those who opposed the new constitution because they wanted a weaker central government |
anti-federalists |
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what was the first written constitution? |
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union |
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when was the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union adopted? |
1777 |
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what did the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union do? |
limit the power of the central government |
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what document limited the power of the central government |
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union |
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what was congress given the power to do under the articles of confederation? |
declare war |
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what document gave congress the power to declare war |
the articles of confederation |
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what did shays rebellion do |
gave politicians who already thought that the Articles were inadequate the evidence they needed to convince a public that the articles were inadequate |
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what gave politicians who already thought that the Articles were inadequate the evidence they needed to convince a public that the articles were inadequate |
shays rebellion |
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what was wrong with the virginia plan |
it gave greater representation in the national legislature for larger and/or wealthier states, which disadvantaged the small states |
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what provided greater representation in the national legislature for larger and/or wealthier states, which disadvantaged the small states |
virginia plan |
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what plan did the small states prefer? |
the new jersey plan |
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who preffered the new jersey plan? |
the smaller states |
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what did the new jersey plan provide? |
equally representation of each state regardless of its population |
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what provided equally representation of each state regardless of its population |
new jersey plan |
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what was the great compromise |
gave each state an equal number of senators regardless of population linked representation in the House of Representatives to population |
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The Constitution grants the power to ratify treaties to the |
senate |
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Under the American Constitution, the sole power to originate revenue bills is vested in the |
house of representatives |
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Under the American Constitution, the part of elected government designed to be directly responsible to the people was the |
house of representatives |
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The idea that the federal government can exercise only the powers specifically articulated in the Constitution is known as the doctrine of |
expressed powers |
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expressed powers |
The idea that the federal government can only exercise the powers specifically articulated in the Constitution |
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The power of the courts to render the final decision in cases involving a conflict of interpretation of the Constitution or of laws between the courts and Congress, the courts and the executive branch, or the courts and the states is referred to as |
judicial review |
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what does judicial review do |
gives power to the courts to make final decision in cases involving conflicts of interpetation of the constitution/laws between courts and congress, courts and executive branch, courts and states |
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what does the supremacy clause state |
all laws passed by the national government are superior to laws adopted by any state |
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what says that all laws passed by the national government are superior to laws adopted by any state |
supremacy clause |
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what did Baron de Montesquieu say |
power must be used to balance power |
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who said power must be used to balance power |
Baron de Montesquieu |
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what were the 85 essays supporting ratification of the Constitution written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the name of “Publius” |
the federalist papers |
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what were the federalist papers |
85 essays supporting ratification of the Constitution written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the name of “Publius” |
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who wrote the federalist papers |
alexander hamilton james madison john jay |
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the first amendment limits |
congress |
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what amendment limits congress |
the first |
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who led the boston tea party |
samuel adams |
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what did samuel adams lead |
the boston tea party |
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what was the purpose of the ten amendments to the bill of rights? |
give each of the three branches of government clearer and more restricted boundaries |
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what gave each of the three branches of government clearer and more restricted boundaries |
the ten amendments to the bill of rights |
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what did the national government under the Articles of Confederation lack? |
sovereignty |
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notion that the Constitution grants to the national government only those powers specifically named in its text |
expressed powers |
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expressed powers |
notion that the Constitution grants to the national government only those powers specifically named in its text |
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Article IV of the U.S. Constitution calls for “Full Faith and Credit,” meaning that |
each state is expected to honor the public acts of other states |
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what says that each state is expected to honor the public acts of other states |
article IV of the Constitution, Full Faith and Credit |
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Supreme Court case favoring national power over the economy |
McCulloch v. Maryland |
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McCulloch v. Maryland |
Supreme Court case favoring national power over the economySupreme Court case that firmly defined interstate commerc |
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Supreme Court case that firmly defined interstate commerc |
gibbons vs ogden |
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monteray bribe that Congress givesto state and local governments with the condition that the money will be spent for a particular purpose as designed by Congress |
grant in aid |
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grant in aid |
monteray bribe that Congress givesto state and local governments with the condition that the money will be spent for a particular purpose as designed by Congress |
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obligations imposed on state governments by the national government without any funding |
unfunded mandates |
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unfunded mandates |
obligations imposed on state governments by the national government without any funding |
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when each branch of government participates in and influences the activities of the other branches |
checks and balances |
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checks and balances |
when each branch of government participates in and influences the activities of the other branches |
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protections of citizens from improper governmental action |
civil liberties |
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civil liberties |
protections of citizens from improper governmental action |
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constitutional basis for the nationalization of the Bill of Rights |
14th amendment |
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14th amendment |
constitutional basis for the nationalization of the Bill of Rights |
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each American is a citizen of the national government and separately a citizen of one of the states |
dual citizenship |
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dual citizenship |
each American is a citizen of the national government and separately a citizen of one of the states |
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trying someone more than once for the same crime |
double jeopardy |
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double jeopardy |
trying someone more than once for the same crime |
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the establishment clause of the first amendment |
seperates church and state |
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what seperates church and state |
the establishment clause of the first amendment |
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The Bill of Rights is a series of |
substantive and procedural restraints on government |
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what is a series of substantive and procedural restraints on government |
the bill of rights |
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what type of speech has been consistently protected by the courts even when it has been deemed insulting or outrageous |
political |
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A statute restricting expressive or symbolic speech must be narrowly tailored and justified by |
a compelling government interest |
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what is the different between libel and slander |
libel is written slander is spoken |
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Speech that directly incites damaging conduct |
fighting words |
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fighting words |
Speech that directly incites damaging conduct |
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judicial system must proceed according to law and with adequate protection for individual rights |
due process of law |
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due process of law |
judicial system must proceed according to law and with adequate protection for individual rights |
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the purpose of the grand jury is to |
have a set of citizens determine whether or not sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial |
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what has a set of citizens determine whether or not sufficient evidence is available to justify a tria |
grand jury |
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established a woman’s right to have an abortion and prohibited states from making abortion a criminal act |
roe v wade |
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roe v wade |
established a woman’s right to have an abortion and prohibited states from making abortion a criminal act |
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Compensatory actions to overcome the consequences of past discrimination and to encourage greater diversity are collectively called |
affirmative action |
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affirmative action |
Compensatory actions to overcome the consequences of past discrimination and to encourage greater diversity |
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political institution in the American system of government that the framers intend to be the closest to the people |
house of representatives |
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Voters elect members to the House of Representatives every |
two years |
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How many members are in the U.S. House of Representatives |
435 |
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The minimum age required to serve as a member of the House of Representatives is |
25 |
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Compared to the House of Representatives, the Senate is much more |
deliberative |
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Holding a political office for which one is running is called |
incumbency |
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incumbency |
Holding a political office for which one is running |
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The Senate has the power to approve treaties with a |
two-thirds vote |
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when congressional representatives include language providing special benefits for their constituents in otherwise unrelated bills is called the |
earmark |
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earmark |
when congressional representatives include language providing special benefits for their constituents in otherwise unrelated bills |
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redrawing of congressional districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to the political party in power is called |
gerrymandering |
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gerrymandering |
redrawing of congressional districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to the political party in power |
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in the House of Representatives, the elected individuals who line up party members on important votes and relay voter information to the leaders |
whips |
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whips |
in the House of Representatives, the elected individuals who line up party members on important votes and relay voter information to the leaders |
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A permanent legislative committee that considers legislation within its designated subject area |
standing commitee |
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standing committee |
A permanent legislative committee that considers legislation within its designated subject area |
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The right and power to decide if a bill will be submitted to the full chamber for consideration |
gatekeeping authority |
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gatekeeping authority |
The right and power to decide if a bill will be submitted to the full chamber for consideration |
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A group of senators or representatives who share certain opinions, interests, or social characteristics |
caucus |
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caucus |
A group of senators or representatives who share certain opinions, interests, or social characteristics |
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A rule allowing a three-fifths majority of U.S. senators to set a time limit on debate over a given bill is called |
cloture |
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cloture |
A rule allowing a three-fifths majority of U.S. senators to set a time limit on debate over a given bill is called |
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A congressional representative’s statement to his or her legislative colleague that “I’ll support your bill if you’ll support mine” is an example of |
logrolling |
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logrolling |
A congressional representative’s statement to his or her legislative colleague that “I’ll support your bill if you’ll support mine” |
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what do gatekeepers do? |
decide how to tackle a bill who will get involved in shaping the details decide when the bill will be reported back for vote |
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what do members of committees develop |
expertise |
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what do appropriation committees do? |
pass bills which set aside money for laws and programs that were developed by policy commitees |
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what are the most important committees after policy committees? |
appropriation committees |
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what can senators do to stop a bill from being passed? |
hold fillibuster cloture |
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what is a fillibuster? |
not yielding to speak to obstruct progress of bill |
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how can you stop a filibuster? |
invoking a cloture |
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what is a cloture? |
voting to end a debate |
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what is the incumbency advantage? |
90% of house incumbents seek reelection they almost always win they win with large margins |
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why is there the incumbency advantage? |
members do a lot to get to know voters in positive ways districts have been gerrymandered to favorite one party/candidate |
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what do incumbents do to be popular? |
advertising (good brand) credit claiming position taking |
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why do people vote for trustees |
they TRUST them to make the right decisions, they put their faith in their character, wisdom, etc. |
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who likes trustees |
federalists |
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who likes delegates |
antifederalists |
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the _____ of the US Constitution placed ______ at the center of government |
framers, congress |
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nicknames for congress |
peoples branch of government, voice of the people |
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what are the main constitutional powers |
power of the purse oversight |
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what is power of the purse |
lay/collect taxes coin/borrow money regulate commerce |
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what is oversight |
monitor activites of executive branch to ensure laws are being executed properly |
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how is congress organized |
commitee system political parties |
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who is speaker of the house |
john boehner |
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who has more centralized power, more formal, strong leaders |
house |
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who has less centralized power, less formal, weaker leaderships |
senate |
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who has a rules commitee |
house |
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who doesn't have a rules commitee |
senate |
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whose members specialize |
house |
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whos members generalize |
senate |
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whos more impersonal |
house |
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whos more personal |
senate |
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whos responsive to public opinion |
house |
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whos less responsive to public opinion |
senate |
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civil rights |
protections provided by governments to secure equality before the law |
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protections provided by governments to secure equality before the law |
civil rights |
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political culture |
widespread beliefs and practices of the people |
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who can we thank for the bill of rights |
antifederalists |
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free excercise clause |
protect a citizens right to to believe and practice whatever religion they choose |
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what protects a citizens right to to believe and practice whatever religion they choose |
free exercise clause |
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federalism |
design of government in which the power is divided between national and state governments |
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what do federalists favor |
order |
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what do antifederalists favor |
liberty |
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who favored strong central government |
federalists |
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who favored states rights |
antifederalist |
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Habeas corpus |
"that you have the body" when an inmate is brought to court so they can determine whether or not they are imprisoned lawfully and whether or not he should be released from custody |
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"that you have the body" when an inmate is brought to court so they can determine whether or not they are imprisoned lawfully and whether or not he should be released from custody |
habeas corpus |
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what is the purpose of habeas corpus |
keeps the government from holding you indefinitely without showing cause |
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commitee that resolves diagreements on a bill |
conference commitee |
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conference commitee |
commitee that resolves diagreements on a bill |
