American Politics 7-9

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Midterm election

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Congressional election that doesn’t coincide with a presidential election. Chooses the House of Representatives and the voters of the 1/3 senate.

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Primary election

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Elections used to select a parties candidate for the general election. A primary is a state-level election where party members vote to choose a candidate affiliated with their political party. Party candidates selected in a primary then run against each other in a general election. Thirty-four U.S. states conduct primary elections. There are 4 type of primaries closed primary, open primary, semi- closed primary, semi -open primary

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Closed primary

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Primary election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates, but only in the party they are in enrolled for a period of time before primary day.

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Majority system

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Type of electoral system in which to win a seat in representative body , a candidate must receive a majority vote within their district.

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Electoral College

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The presidential electors from each state who meet after the popular election to cast ballots for president and Vice President. An electoral vote then when against the popular vote has happened 5 ‘x including trump . The founding fathers didn’t trust the average person to elect president, so they chose an elite select of people to elect the president, the electors vote for the candidate that received the most vote in their state, electors are chosen by the states political party. A candidate must receive half of 538 votes in order to win, 270.

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Campaign

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An effort by political candidates and their staffs to win the backing of donors , political activists, and voters in the quest for political office

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Indirect Technique

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A strategy employed by interest groups that uses third parties to influence the government officials.

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Direct technique

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An interest group activity that involves personal interaction with government.

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Largest Labor Union

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Education (NEA)

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Boycott

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withdraw from commercial or social relations with a country, organization, or person as a punishment or protest.

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Labor MOvement

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The economic and political expression of working class interests (AFl) American Federation of labor was formed in 1886.

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Latent interests

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public-policy interests that are not recognized or addressed by a group at a particular time.

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lobbyist

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An organization/individual who attempts to influence legislation and the administrative decisions of goverment.

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Public interests

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The best interests of the overall community; the national good, rather than the narrow interests of a particular group.

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Interest Group

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a collection of people who share certain views on public matters and work to shape public policy to their benefit

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Labor Union

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an organization of workers who share the same type of job or who work in the same industry

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where are interest groups found?

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at every level of government- local, state, and national

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what are the characteristics of a political party?

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nominate candidates for office; focus on its candidates and on winning elections to control the government; concerned with the whole range of public affairs of concern to voters

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what are some criticisms of interest groups?

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1. have an influence far out of proportion to their size and importance or contribution to the public good 2. it is hard to tell how many people a group really represents3. many do not represent the views of all the people they claim to represent 4. use illegal and/or immoral tactics (bribery, threats)

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what are the four types of economic interest groups?

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business groups, labor groups, agricultural groups, and professional associations

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what are examples of business groups?

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National Association of Manufacturers (big businesses); Chamber of Commerce (small businesses); trade associations represent segments of the business industry (i.e. National Restaurant Association)

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Iron Triangle

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The three way alliance among legislators, bureaucrats and interest groups to make or preserve policies that benefit their respective interests.

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Political Party

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Opt to organize opposition to the other party, group of political activists who organize to win their election , operate the government and determine public policy. a party in government , party in electorate , party organization.

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Major parties

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American politics, the republican and the democratic parties.

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Minor party

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One of the political parties not widely supported.

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Patronage

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The rewarding of a faithful party worker and followers with government employment or contracts.

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dealignment

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A decline in party loyalties that reduces long term party commitment. Large numbers of independent voters may result in political volatility.

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Interest groups

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most interest groups have an middle class & upper class bias, because they can afford the membership fees, are well educated, participate in the political process then the average person. Number of interest groups have grown since 1950's. interest groups often support candidates who promote their interests when elected.

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2 party system or electoral system is based on?

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winner take all.

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2010 supreme court decision citizens united?

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true ,it increased

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A problem with the dealignment theory

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Many independent voters are not all that independent, but would lean sometimes to a certain party.

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Swing election and swing voters

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An electoral swing shows a analysis of extent of change in voter support, from one election to another in a positive or negative percentage. Swing voters are approximately one -third of the electorate who are undecided at the start of a campaign or frequently swing their support from one party to another.

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Third party

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Third parties are a parties other than the republican or democratic. Third parties can be founded by a group of individuals who are committed to the same interests, issues, ideology. Sometimes third parties can force major parties recognize new issues , the socialist party is longest-lived third party.

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Straight ticket voting and split ticket voting

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Straight ticket is voting for all candidates of one party. But mid century split ticket voting increased, voting for candidates of two or more parties for different offices. Voting for a republican president and a democratic congress man.

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Party caucus

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Local gathering of party members to choose convention delegates

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Ideological party

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A party that values principled stands on issues above all else

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Super delegates

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Party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses. Super delegates are inbound and can chose any candidate they wish.

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Registration to vote

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The entry of a persons name onto the list of registered voters for elections. To register one must have citizenship, be the age (eighteen and older), and be a residency in that state.

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National convention

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Has ultimate power, meets every 4yrs to nominate presidential candidate. Iowa is the location the first presidential caucus every year.

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Do interest groups employee lobbyists?

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Yes, they represent the groups interests.

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Divided government?

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When the presidency and congress are controlled by different parties.

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Number of interest groups grown since the 1950?

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Yes

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Where does the split- ticket voting happen, what region?

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South

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Independent

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A voter or candidate who does not identify with a political party, but some may lean to a certain party.

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Party platform

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Is developed at the national convention, the platform sets forth the parties position on the issues and makes promises to initiate certain policies of the party wins control of the government. After the convention the platform sometimes neglected or ignored, once elected, Very often do try to carry out the platform promises.