American Literature Final Exam

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Began as an effort to reform the Catholic Church which was too focused on lavish displays and concern about corruption of clergy

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Protestantism

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Saw the Anglican church as a new strength as an earthly leader and oversaw both faith and the state as part of the Anglican church who wanted to see it further reformed

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Conformists

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Objected to many of the ceremonies of the church, such as the sign of the cross, wearing a wedding band, etc. and saw separating from the church as a sin

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Puritans

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Did not recognize the established Anglican church and did not see the need for having a hierarchy to preside over worship

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Separatists

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Passengers aboard the Mayflower who were not Separatists but helped pay for the trip

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Strangers

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Sometimes referred to as the basis for the US Constitution as it determined how the colony would be independently organized and led

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Mayflower Compact

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Time period when half the 102 original party aboard the Mayflower died

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The 'starving time'

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Held the role of governor until his death in 1657

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William Bradford

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Almost died while returning to Jamestown as he caught a stingray that stung and almost killed him

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John Smith

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Nickname meaning spoiled child

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Pocahontas

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Since women were often considered intellectual interiors, critics believed that 'she' stole ideas for her poems from men

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Anne Bradstreet

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Meant awe and reverence to the King, not fear

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Dread Sovereign Lord King James

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The colonists honored God and set their founding principles upon the _______.

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Bible

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First colonists in the history of the world to name a colonial governor by free election

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Pilgrims

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Espouses that suffering is necessary to redeem oneself from original sin, and hard work not only produces wealth but strong moral character

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'Puritan Ethic'

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The 'Witch Finder of Salem'

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Cotton Mather

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Me court created by Governor Phips to hear witchcraft cases

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Oyer & Terminer

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One of the founders of Methodism

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George Whitefield

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Sermon that includes: "Their foot shall slide in due time"

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"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

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Played important role in the shaping of 'The Great Awakening'

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Jonathan Edwards

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A Raisin in the Sun

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Lorraine Hansberry

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Ar'n't I A Woman?

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Sojourner Truth

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Harlem, Dream Deferred

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Langston Hughes

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Good Country People

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Flannery O'Connor

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Incident

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Countee Cullen

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The Buffalo that Climbed a Tree

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Mark Twain

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Ligeia

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Edgar Allan Poe

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The Road Not Taken

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Robert Frost

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Battle Royal

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Ralph Ellison

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Patterns

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Amy Lowell

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Richard Cory

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Edwin Arlington Robinson

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Lady Lazarus

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Sylvia Plath

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Her Kind

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Anne Sexton

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Song of Myself

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Walt Whitman

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Spunk

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Zora Neale Hurston

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Success Is Counted Sweetest

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Emily Dickinson

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The Birthmark

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Nathaniel Hawthorne

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Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

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Joyce Oates

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Smoke Signals

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Sherman Alexie

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The Story of an Hour

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Kate Chopin

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Those Winter Sundays

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Robert Hayden

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The Man Who Was Almost A Man

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Richard Wright

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Trifles

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Susan Glaspell

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Walden

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Henry David Thoreau

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We Real Cool

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Gwendolyn Brooks

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Barn Burning

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William Faulkner

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The Revolt of Mother

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Mary E. Wilkins Freeman

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The Outcasts of Poker Flat

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Bret Harte

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A brief story that teaches a lesson often ethical or spiritual

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Parable

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A character or Force against which another character struggles

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Antagonist

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A character who contrasts and parallels the main character in a play or story

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Foil

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A comparison between essentially unlike things without an explicitly comparative word such as like or as

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Metaphor

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A contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature

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Irony

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A division or unit of a poem that is repeated in the same form - either with similar or identical patterns or rhyme and meter , or with variations from one stanza to another

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Stanza

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A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. For example: "Lend me a hand"

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Synecdoche

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A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration

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Understatement

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A figure of speech involving a comparison between unlike things using like, as, or as though

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Simile

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The developing struggle found in the plot of fiction

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Conflict

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Is used to classify literature according to form, style, or content

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Genre

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The purging or cleansing of emotion, which leads to relief or other beneficial emotions in an audience

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Catharsis

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The point of greatest tension in a work of literature and the turning point in the action

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Climax

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The main character in a play or narrative, often in conflict with the antagonist

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Protagonist

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Undergoes a significant change in response to the events or circumstances described in the plot

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Round character

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Published after the death of the author

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Posthumous

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Seize the day

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Carpe diem

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Literature intended to teach, instruct, or have a moral lesson for the reader

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Didactic

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A story that presents courageous individuals who confront powerful forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit in the face of failure, defeat, and even death

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Tragedy

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A fixed poetic form consisting of 17 syllables, organized into three unrhymed lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables

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Haiku

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A statement that initially appears to be contradictory but then, upon closer inspection, turns out to make sense

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Paradox

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Those Works generally considered by Scholars, critics, and teachers to be the most important to read and study, which collectively constitute the 'masterpieces' of literature

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Canon

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A type of drama that presents a social issue to awaken the audience to the issue

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Problem play

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A realistic style of play that employs conventions, including plenty of suspense, created by meticulous plotting

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Well-made play

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Often characterized as 'Escape literature,' this literature follows a pattern of conventional reader expectations

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Formula literature

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A play that takes place in a single location and unfolds as one continuous action

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One-act play

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An idea or expression that has become tired and trite from overuse since its freshness and Clarity having worn off

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Cliché

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A type of drama that combines certain elements of both tragedy and comedy

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Tragicomedy

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A light, humorous style of fixed form poetry that ranges in subject matter from the silly to the obscene

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Limerick

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A type of 'open form' poetry in which the poet arranges the lines of the poem so as to create a particular shape on the page

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Picture poem

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A relatively lengthy lyric poem that often expresses lofty a motions in a dignified Style

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Ode

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The anxious anticipation of a reader or an audience as to the outcome of a story

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Suspense

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A customary feature of a literary work, such as the use of a chorus in a Greek tragedy, the inclusion of an explicit moral in a fable, or the use of a particular rhyme scheme in a villanelle

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Convention

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The use of words to imitate The Sounds they describe such as buzz and crack

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Onomatopoeia

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A metric unit composed of stressed and unstressed

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Foot

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The way and author chooses words, arranges them in sentences or in lines of dialogue or verse, and develops ideas and actions with description, imagery, and other literary techniques

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Style

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A metrical unit of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

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Iamb

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The recurrence of accent or stress in lines of verse

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Rhythm

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The grammatical order of words in a sentence, line, verse, or dialogue

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Syntax

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A humorous, mocking imitation of a literary work, sometimes sarcastic, but often playful and even respectful in its playful imitation

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Parody

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A narrative poem written in four-line stanza, characterized by Swift action and narrated in a direct Style

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Ballad

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A type of form or structure in poetry characterized by regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme, line length, and metrical pattern

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Closed form

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A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning

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Allegory

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The dictionary meaning of a word

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Denotation

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The measured pattern of rhythmic accents in poems

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Meter

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A lyric poem that laments the Dead

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Elegy

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The repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the beginning of words. Example: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers"

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Alliteration

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The implied meaning of a word that goes beyond its dictionary meaning

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Connotation

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The repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry or prose, as in "I rose and told him of my woe"

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Assonance

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A line of poetry or prose in unrhymed iambic pentameter

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Blank verse

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A pair of rhymed lines that may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem

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Couplet

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Poetry that does not contain a regular pattern of meter or rhyme

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Free verse