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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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military, economic, and political leaders in the world - U.S. and Soviet Union |
superpowers |
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president of U.S. when cold war began |
Harry S. Truman |
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leader of Soviet Union when cold war began |
Joseph Stalin |
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hostility between U.S. and Soviet Union that never led to direct fighting (1945-1990) |
cold war |
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German capitol divided and controlled by U.S. and Soviets |
east/west Berlin |
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countries depended on and dominated by Soviets |
satellite nations |
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prevent spread of communism through alliances and foreign aid |
containment
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U.S. would assist any country resisting a communist takeover |
Truman Doctrine |
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plan to finance $13 billion in aid to rebuild Europe after WWII |
Marshall Plan |
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division between democratic western Europe and communist eastern Europe |
iron curtain |
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U.S. flew supplies to west Berlin for a year because of Soviet blockade |
Berlin airlift |
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competition to build up the biggest and best weapons and military |
arms race |
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-fought between communist North Korea and the United Nations -led by the U.S. -prevent the spread of communism -54,000 Americans killed -called the Forgotten War |
Korean war |
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-commanded the U.S./U.N. forces during the Korean war -wanted to attack China-were aiding North Korea -removed from command by Truman in 1951 |
Douglas MacArthur |
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-border and demilitarized zone established by a cease-fire agreement in 1953 -war ended as a stalemate -showed U.S. would fight communism |
38th parallel |
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fear of communism spreading into America and undermining our way of life |
red scare |
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wisconsin senator who accused people of communism with little or no proof |
Joseph McCarthy |
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president during the 1950s and advocated for the building of the U.S. interstate highway system |
Dwight D. Eisenhower |
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willingness to go to the edge of war - used threat of the H-bomb |
brinkmanship |
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peace discussion between U.S. and Soviet Union to prevent nuclear war |
geneva accords |
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fighting over control of the suez canal which nearly led to war with Soviet Union -U.N. stepped into prevent major conflict |
suez crisis |
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leader of Soviet Union after Stalin - criticized actions of Stalin |
Nikita Krushchev |
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first artificial satellite in space - Russian |
sputnik |
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cold war competition to be first country to the moon |
space race |
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president in early 1960s during Cuban Missile Crisis (youngest elected president) |
JFK |
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brother of JFK and attorney general during his brother's presidency |
Robert Kennedy |
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CIA operation to secretly train Cuban exiles in America and invade Cuba to overthrow Castro -failed |
bay of pigs |
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-communist revolutionary who took control of Cuba -allies with Soviet Union - received aid from them |
Fidel Castro |
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-Soviet Union put nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962 -U.S. warned them to move them or we would take action -Soviets eventually back down and remove missiles -closest we have been to nuclear war |
cuban missile crisis |
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-began as a battle between French and Vietnamese for control of the country -Vietnamese helped by China and Soviet Union -U.S. stepped in to prevent spread of communism |
vietnam |
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if one country fell to communism, they would all fall - like dominoes |
domino theory |
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led communist party in North Vietnam against France and U.S. |
Ho Chi Minh |
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site of French loss that forced them out of Vietnam |
Dien Bien Phu |
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capitol of North Vietnam |
Hanoi |
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president who increased U.S. involvement in Vietnam |
Lyndon Johnson |
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secretary of defense for JFK and Lyndon Johnson - resigned during vietnam war |
Robert McNamara |
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-general who led the U.S. army during Vietnam war -requested an increase in number of troops fighting -eventually increased to over 500,000 |
William Westmoreland |
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gasoline based bomb that set fire to the jungle to burn it clear - show vietcong hideouts and tunnels |
napalm |
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-leaf-killing toxic chemical that devastated the landscape -left land in ruins - wounded villages - unable to farm |
agent orange |
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-surprise attack by vietnamese on lunar new year celebrations -attack over 100 towns and took a month before U.S. regained control -attack turned public opinion in America against war |
tet offensive |
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-used as supply centers for vietcong and vietnamese -attacked by U.S. to help fighting in vietnam |
cambodia/laos |
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-plan to gradually withdraw American troops and turn over more control to the South Vietnamese Army - "peace with honor" |
vietnamization |
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over 100 women and children were killed by U.S. soldiers sweeping villages |
my lai massacre |
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site of vietnam protest by college students who have confrontation with national guard |
kent state |
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document that revealed the gov't was planning to send more troops to vietnam while Lyndon told the public we weren't - people began to distrust the gov't |
pentagon papers |
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U.S. leaves Vietnam |
March 1973 |
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-North Vietnam captures Saigon - ends war |
April 1975 |
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strategic arms limitations talks - U.S. and Soviet Union negotiated limits on nuclear weapons and ICBMs -tried to end arms race and threat of nuclear world war |
SALT |
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what legacies are present in the 21st century based on the U.S. experience with Vietnam? |
-distrust in the gov't -pentagon papers were evidence -now don't trust everything they say |
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which presidential administration best handled the cold war and why? |
-Nixon -deescalated war by sending troops -negotiated a limitation on arms treaty |
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what are the critical factors in the U.S. decisions to engage in 20th century wars? |
-communism or radical leader -what we thought was important enough for war -threat to democracy |
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did the threat of communism justify gov't action during the cold war? |
-yes everyone has the right to human rights -our gov't doesn't fight it, no one will -if we ignore it, it will get worse |
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is forced service in the military a responsibility of citizenship? |
-no -can help war effort in other ways -might be against someone's beliefs |
