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american history test two

American History Test Two

by gortiz7, Feb. 2007

Subjects: american history

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	where and when did WWW1 start? when/where did the US get involved in the war?	Began in Europe from 1914-1919. America got into war from 1917-1919.
	what is imperialism? isolationism? *which on did the Americans follow?	to dominate others with a profit involved. EXAMPLE: European countries wanted to dominate others Euros. attack each other while Americans stay out of it. *Isolationism
	What countries were in the Central Powers? Allied Powers?	Germany, Austria-Hungary England, France, Russia, Japan, Italy, and US.
	What lead to the US fighting in the war?	The sinking of the Lisitania in 1915 - Lis. was an english pleasure boat - Germany warned them at first because they thought England was using boats to transport weapons - 2000 passengers died, including 128 Americans. Zimmerman Telegram of 1917 - secret telegram sent to Mexico from Germany - stated that if they help germans attack US, the mexicans will get the land they once lost. - telegram made public and infuriated americans - pres. woodrow wilson and congress declared war on germany
	*What was Wilson's reason for getting into war?	*he wanted to make country "safe for democracy"
	*Service Act of 1917 also known as the draft.	the governor made men fight in war didn't accept ppl with disabilities, women, and ppl of different race *all males 20-30 years old in good condition were qualified
	How many ppl served in the military How many were African Am.	4.8 million men served in the military 400,000 were African American
	*what did the NAACP encourage the blacks to do?	Fight so they can earn respect for serving the war afterwards In military however, blacks were segregated and things did not change with segregation after war.
	*What kind of jobs did the African Americans do while serving the war?	*Peeling potatoes or service in combat....
	*What did women do during the war?	*They did some work for the millitary but were excluded from combat
	*What advantages did women and blacks have while the whites were in combat?	*They had more job opportunities since white males were in battle so factory owners needed ppl to work in them
	*Committee on Public Info	"Pro-war" group Leader was George Creel Purpose was to mobilize public opinion about the war goal was "mind mobilization" and make ppl pro-war.
	*Name and describe those who were against the war.	Progressive Women - Jane Addams = was in the women's peace party Industrialists - Andrew Carnegie = he believed war caused upheaval in industries and he feard foreign influences such as socialism, anti-industrial ppl. - Henry Ford against war for same reasons as Carnegie but also thought Jews were gonig to take over after war. *Socialists - Eugene Debs - William "Big Bill" Haywood - Both believed that war was a way to make money
	*Espionage and Sedition Acts	*encouraged ppl to stop criticizing the war, draft, system of am. govt.; if they criticised anything they were jailed or punished.
	When the two sides stop fighting?	in 1918
	What did President Wilson make after the war and what was it?	14 points made the league of nations (world forum); all leaders from diff. countries would speak about problems without war but US didn't want to get involved except Wilson because the US wanted to be isolationists.
	*How long did the Post WW1 era last for?	*1919-1921
	Why did Russia become the US's enemies? What's the difference between communism and capitalism? *What were many workers interested in?	Because they turned into communists while the US believed in the capitalist system. Communism - favor workers and all ppl sharing the wealth.; Capitalism - favor the businesses *They were interested in learning about communism.
	What did returning soldiers want? What was all this commotion called?	Their jobs back but their replacements didn't want to give them up. Labor Unrest
	Palmer Raids 1919-20 What were they worried about? What were the raids against? How long did this go for? Who got arrested and why did they get arrested? What was the result of these raids?	Lead by Attorney General Palmer and FBI director Hoover worried about communism and workers unrest raids against suspected communists; there were no warrants, no bail, no attorney, no family notification when ppl got arrested this went on for several mos. Newspaper reporters, labor workers; got arrested bc of what they said in speech Eventually, those who lead the palmer raids had to use due process so it stopped.
	What was the American Civil Liberties Union design to do? Give an ex. *When was the group founded?	To protect the first Amendment ACLU helped Nazis *1920
	What else was a problem? What did many blks. do? What happened to blacks and women after the war? What else was a problem?	Racial Unrest They came to the north to looks for jobs before WW1. Got kicked out of jobs bc white males wanted jobs back. Living arrangements; whites wanted to live better and pick where they want to live.
	Chicago Race Riot, 1919 Why was this such a big deal?	example: decided that the beach (lake michigan) in chicago was to be segregated; blk. kids were swimming in the white beach and ppl threw rocks at the black kid until he drowned; later that night whites raided black neighborhood and beat them up, some blks. fought back. It was one of the first northern outbreaks in violence
	*What were ppl tired of and what were they looking for?	*War, war propaganda, and they were looking for profit and pleasure.
	What was the big emphasis in the 1920s? What did ppl do when they bought stuff	Materialism which is having everything and consumerism which is having something now while paying for it later. Used credit
	*Ads popular in the 20s ..why?	*bc ppl used psychological Ads such as making ppl feel insecure and inferior if they didn't buy the product; also sold Ads by promoting sex
	Describe the "New Woman" How did dating customs change? What did Jazz Music symobolize? What were speakeasies? *What were "flappers"?	Got to vote and more social freedom. girls and guys would have more privacy by doing stuff in the backseat and movie theatres. drove ppl "mad" into having sex Illegal bars that sold alcohol since it was forbidden *women who wore clothing that revealed their ankles; they didn't wear underwear or bras.
	*What role did Sigmund Freud play in the 1920s?	*Said "when ppl repress their urges and desires they will come out in some other way bc the urges will never go away. - ppl thought freud said just do whatever they feel, even though he never said that so ppl just did "bad" instead.
	who was Aimee Semple McPherson? what message was she trying to recruit? where was her church? explain the incident that happened to her? what was the result of this incident? what was said about this incident?	was a radio evangelist and temple evangetlist. was trying to recruit messages and tryin to get ppl to listen to her messages which was love had her church in los angeles one day Aimee didn't show up for work and ppl found her two weeks later with a radio dispatcher who was married in a hotel so it turned into a big scandal ppl cancelled her church and radio show had one foot in the old ways and another in the 1920s style.
	who was gertrude stein? what did she not like? what was so controversal about her? what did she do in paris?	writer of "ex-patriate" didn't like US materialism and consumerism was a lessie, got lots of crap from that and ran off to paris,france with her girl,Alice had an artistic salon; famous ppl stopped by salon
	what was the mindset of americans around this time period?	they were trying to get more into society rather than out of it.
	which race was getting more into society? what were they referred to? what did the northern african americans develop and what was it based on? what did they begin to think about doing?	african americans New Negro a new culture; based on many soth aspects began to think of new ways to live
	*name the 3 things marcus garvey believed in.	*he believed that the only way blacks can succeed is to accomodate separate black communities and was a responsiblity for blacks to stop using products that seem like they were for white ppl such as hair straighteners, skin lighteners, etc....also bel. in black capitalism.
	what did marcus garvey start? what else was there that promoted garvey's messages? what did they not accept in the newspaper and why? what happened to marcus in the end?	the universal negro improvement association to promote black seperatism..black pride! a newspaper called Negro World ads bc it was a white ppl thing he fled to jaimaca cuz he got in trouble for something.
	what was the harlem renaissance? where was this located? name two famous african ams who were a part of this movement who was a famous af.am. musicican at this time?	it was an artistic/literary movement district was in NYC langston hughes and zora neale hurston. louis armstrong
	*what did ppl think of the new negro and the new woman?	*americans belived that it was unacceptable..it was bringing america down..whatever.
	what group came back? what did they have issues with? how many klansmen did they have by 1923? who were their targets (four)?	KKK came back from 1915-1925 didnt like how immigration and the new negro movement was going five million catholics, jewish imms, black, and violators of traditional values (adulters, homos., evolutionists like those who taught evo., and bootleggers wich were alchy servers)
	*what did the reform org do for those who did not follow the KKK standard?	*they bel. that they should be punished
	explain the big scandal that happened in 1925 with the Indiana grand dragon (head of the klan) what was the result of this scandal?	accused of kidnapping, rape, and second degree murder because he raped a secretary who he had a thing for and she ended up poisoning herself...ppl bel. he drove her to it he went to jail for all of this and the klan began to recede....klansmen broke standards...they didn't want to deal with the scandal
	*what was the national origins act of 1924?	*it set quotas for immigrants and KKK didn't like immigrants but neither did alot of ppl.
	explain the sacco and vanzetti scandal of 1920-1927. explain what the trial was based on. *result?	two immigrants from italy were anarchists..there was a robbery and a murder in MA and they were accused of it..wasn't any proof of them doing it either!..folks just assumed that they were good villians just bc they were immigrants and anarchisits.. trial was more based on their political views rather than the actual murder itself. *sent to death
	what law was passed in TN? explain the Scopes case. who was his lawyer? Who was TN's lawyer and what did this lawyer bel.? what was this trial known as? trial started in...? when darrow called bryan to the stand, how did he question him? what happened to Bryan 4-5 days after the trial? *what was the result of the trial?	no one was allowed to teach the theory of evolution in schools John Scopes was a HS teacher and belived that TN law was bad and he wanted to teach evol. so ppl wanted him to teach evol...he would be provided a lawyer after his arrest Clarence Darrow, a ACLU lawyer William Jennings Bryan and he believed that all local districts should make their own rules. the monkey trial 1925 he began to ask him questions on the bible like if everything that is said in the bible is true and stuff he died *scopes was convicted because he broke TN law; was fined but never collected it and he served no jail time
	who were the candidates for the election of 1928? who won? describe hoover describe smith	herbert hoover, a republican and al smith, a democrat hoover won he was an old-fashioned guy who believed in small gov. and didn't like the idea of credit..WASP from a small town smith was a progressive. believed gov. should be used and was in tammany hall which was a political machine; he lived in the city
	when did the great depression occur? name the first reason why it happened and explain. second reason and explain. third reason. *fourth reason.	from 1929-1939. agricultural and industrial goods; farmers destroyed crops...once depression began they threw oranges in river sine no one was buying them overspeculation in the stock market; october of 1929 there was a crash..ppl who saved money lost it in the bank bc of crash..also they would buy shares of companies like crazy... there was a lack of regulation of banks and stock market *world debt problem
	*what was happening to ppl during the depression?	*lots of ppl lost lots of money, suicide rates went up, many lost their jobs and didn't have a chance of getting another one
	what was hoover's philosophy behind this whole depression business? what was this dumbass afraid of?	he believed that the system would just fix itself and government shouldnt get involved bc he's a dumb ass!...oh yea and he believed that poverty was a personal failing..yea ok! creating a big government welfare bureaucracy
	*finally...what did hoover try to do in attempt to make things better?	*the reconstruction finance corporation (1932, gov. act)...he authorized two billion dollars in gov. loans to big businesses...this was a trickle down plan because it put money in to big bus. and it went down.
	*who wanted who during the election of 1932?	*reps wanted hoover..i dunno why and demos wanted FDR.
	what was "hooverville"? "hooverchickens"? *"hooverflaps"?	where poor ppl would live in little shacks made out of boxes..it poked fun at the stupid ass president if one had to shoot a rabbit to eat it *if one had empty pockets bc they were broke
	describe the fabulous FDR. what was his thought about gov? *what was unique about his presidency and what was the result of it?	he came from a politically active family; had polio and recovered but had lost of his legs so he had to be in a wheelchair...he didn't let media make a big deal out of if though..he was a very enthusiasctic guy and had a positive attitude about things. wanted to use gov. to solve problems; very progressive and he arrived with a ton of programs in hand. *he served three terms and after his presidency, republicans made an amendment where the president can only serve two terms, not 12 years like FDR.
	what was "brain trust" what made the conservatives scared about him? *what did FDR tried to get rid of?	a plan by FDR to gather all smart ppl (consulting experts) to washington just the fact that he was very experimental about things but he made lots of ppl happy *prohibition
	What did FDR do to try to fix the depression? what was the emergency banking act of 1933?	he made the New Deal it closed down every single bank on the same day, examiners took a look at the banks and if they looked organized, they could reopen, if not, they were permanently shut down...congress actually enforced this a couple days after FDR already took action
	*what was the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934?	*directed at the Stock Market. tried to bring stocks under control and companies had to register to gov. to let them know what they were buying and selling..companies were monitored and made stock market more stable.
	What did FDR do with business and labor? What was the National Recovery Administration? - what type of codes did they use? - what type of industries used these codes? what were folks worried about with the workers? what was section 7A?	he appointed Frances Perkins as the new secretary of labor and the cabinet was exectutive branch depts. it established national codes/standards for big industries - production codes, prices, and wages - oil, auto, and movie industries (get approval of NRA and displayed bald eagle symbolizing they they cooperated in NRA) that they weren't protected by the NRA but there was a section about labor. it authorized labor unions and gave govt. approval for labor unions...couldn't break them up anymore, only had to negotiate
	Describe Huey Long what did he hate? what type of person was he? what did he establish?	was LA gov in 1928 and senator in 1930. hated the NRA program bc the "big shots" got to make codes (didnt like Rockefeller or any oil or car industries) he was a populist bc he cared about the poor; criticised standard oil cos. established "share our wealth"
	what was "share our wealth" consisted of? how many ppl were in it? was the motto? what was the plan? *what else did he have?	it was consisted of a bunch of local organizations seven mil. members motto was "every man a king" guaranteed $2000 annual income for every family and money would come from taxes on rich *the deduct box but when he died, it was gone.
	What did the US supreme court do to the NRA? give the reasons why it was unconstit.?	it struck it down in 1935 bc it was believed to be unconstitutional bc federal gov shouldn't be allowed to intervene in the business of intrastate (within one state), federal action was only ok in interstate (two or more), NRA interfered with industries that were in one state only
	what was the Agricultural Adjustment Administration of 1933? what were the problems with this?	major feature: fed. gov makes payments to farmers who withdraw acreage from cultivation sharecroppers were evicted bc famers would destroy the piece of land the sharecroppers used so the farmers could get more money from the govt...it also hurt small farmers bc they didn't have enough land
	*what did congress do about the AAA?	*it struck it down in 1936.
	What was End Poverty in CA (EPIC)? who did they nominate as cabinet? *what was thier plan?	it ran a cabinet in 1934 (gov's race) nominated upton sinclair *state of CA was to buy or lease farmland then let poor grow food
	*What was the Civilian Conservation Case	*Rural improvement project such as hwys, bridges, national parks
	when did the second new deal start? what needed to be fixed still?	1935-1941 unemployment, had to replace the NRA
	what did FDR do in order to replace the NRA? what was this act also called? what did it give the ok on? what did it establish? who did the National Labor Relation exclude? why were they excluded?	he came up with the national labor relations act (NLRA) the wagner act unions grievance board (national relations board)..33,000 cases (7 mil. workers) in board farmers and domestic workers such as maids, cooks, garderners bc they were the poorest and came from foreign countries so they move all the time
	Fair Labor Standards Act who did they exclude?	tried to address problems in the federal gov. level, minimum wage up to 40 cents/hour; max. hrs. 40hrs/wk. farmers and domestic workers once again
	United Auto Workers (UAW) who acknowledged the UAW?	they did sit down strikes and general motors was struck against..protestors would sit and not leave their jobs general motors
	What was formed in 1938 as a result of the heavy industry being snubbed by the AFL? what happened in the 1950s?	The congress of industrial organizations & John L. Lewis was president. merger of AFL was the CIO.
	Work Projects Admin. (WPA) name the two kind of jobs this programs had. - describe them. *what role did john steinback play in the WPA?	federal gov. hires and pays people to work construction and culture - construction: public bldg., bridges, hwys, national and city parks, all sorts of public facilities improved - culture: theatre, writing, music, and art *he wrote travel guides
	National Youth Admin. what was their goal? what did they do about the blacks? who was the director of the black program?	provided part-time jobs to students it was to get students to stay in school since money was provided for them it was a separate but equal program since it had blacks in it too..it was called the division of negro affairs Mary Mcleod Bethune
	Who was Dr. Francis Townsend? what was 1/2 the national's income?	he made the Townsend Plan = federal gov. should give $200/month to every person who was 60 and over and they were to spend all $200 within the month 8 percent of population
	name the 3 major parts of the Social Security Act of 1935 who did they exclude?	retirement insurance, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children farm workers and domestic workers
	who was the Farm Security Admin designed to help? what did it set up?	this was to help poor farmers migratory farm worker camps
	What happened to the Native Ams. during this time period? (1933) what came out of the BIA?	John Collier was the commissioner of the bureau of indian affairs and he ended the boarding school program and was also skeptical about the christian thing the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.
	Describe the controversy with Marion Anderson What was the result of controversy?	she was a singer who was invited to sing for the Daughters of the American Revolution for the annual convention..at the last min, they discovered that the bldg didn't allow blacks so they called Marion and told her not to come...Eleanor Roose. reported this to newspapers and resigned from the Daughters of... Marion sang for the Lincoln Memorial instead
	*What were the fireside chats?	*radio station where FDR would speak about current events or issues
	*What was said about the New Deal?	*it suffered just like society..it got a little better but depression never went away..it was WWII that got ppl out of depression.
	*How long did WWII last for the europeans? americans?	*1939-1945; 1941-1945
	*Explain the first interpretation as to why WWII started? - what was established? - why was it similar to the WPA? - who got involved?	*It was the last phase of the New Deal: - war production board = just like the NRA; set codes and it was an effort for gov. to organize industry. - bc this board had construction projects such as equipment and there were cultural projects as well. - Hollywood: Frank Copra in the movie, Why We Fight.
	*What was Inter. #2? - who were the allied powers? - axis powers?	*second phase of WW1 - england, france, russia, US - germany, italy, japan
	*MAJOR EVENTS IN INTER #2 - what happened in germany in 1939? - what happened in 1941? - what did the Japs do in 1941? - what happened in 1944? - what happened in 1945?	- germany invades poland and since poland had treaties with other countries like the allied powers, england and france declared war on germany on sept.2, 1939. - germany invades russia not many try to help them fast enough; some say it was bc they were commies. - they were planning on attacking US sure nuff they did with the attack of pearl harbor on dec. 7, 1941..as a result, US declares war on them the next day. - D-Day - FDR passed away and died just before germany surrendered (one month before to be exact)
	- who became pres. after FDR? - what also happened in 1945? - what was the Manhattan Project?	- Harry S. Truman - hitler commits suicide and germany formally surrenders on may 8, 1945. - Truman goes to a conference and tells the other important US leaders that they A-bomb has been made..called it the manhattan proj. to throw ppl off so they wouldn't know what it really was....bomb was to be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki..the Japs finally surrender.
	*Explain Inter. #3? - what did this deal with? - what was going on with the jews? - how was the US viewed and what was wrong with it? - how did the US deal with the azns? - what was the korematsn case? - what did ppl try to do to other in the camps? - what happened in 1988?	*second phase of reconstruction - race relations - there was Nazi persecution of the jews - they were viewed as the leader of the free world but they had problems with minorities as well. - well since pearl harbor attacked the US and over 2000 ams were killed, FDR made the asians go to relocation camps...they had 48 hours to go and only take what they can carry..the rest went to an auction. 110,000 went to the camps and 65% were american citizens...camps were like militlary camps. - fred kor. said that relocation camps were illegal since it was taking rights away, the courts said this was a "reasonable" wartime precaution; lost case - try to recruit them to join the military and they were allowed to leave and attend college while staying with a white fam. - US congress authorized $20,000 in damages plus apology to jap-am families.
	- what was being done to the african americans? - what was the "double v campaign"? - how were the blacks treated while they served in war? - what did the red cross do? - who was Benjamin O. Davis? - where were black pilots sent to? - what was ordered in 1948?	- the NAACP encouraged young african ams to join war so they can earn respect - victory abroad (esp. racism) and victory at home (racism in US) - they were in segregated units and assigned them to jobs that were servant like - they segregated the blood too and the irony of this was that it was created by an african american by the name of Dr. Charles Drew - first black brigadeer general (1940) - Tuskegee Institute to train and of them were 80 distinguished flying crosses - desegregation
	- what type of riots were back in the the 40s and why?	- race riots bc wartime blacks wanted to take over factories up north
	- what role did the native ams play in the war?	- they were known as the code talkers
	*what was inter. #4?	*first phase of cold war
	- how did the war end? - what was the controversy with the united nations? - UN's charter was est. when? - describe the diff. parts the UN was split into. - what did truman est and explain it? - give an ex of this. - what was a problem with the US and the USSR? - how did churchill describe isolationism? - Marshall plan? - name the two programs made after marshall plan.	- it ended in 1945 with germany and the japs surrendering - a controversy because big countries didn't want to take orders from anyone...woodrow wilson had the league of nations originally and made it to the united nations - april of 1945 - 1)general assembly= all nations, each with one vote; 2)security concil= six rotating members(a nation); 3)five permanent members (nations) with veto power which were the US, USSR, ENG., FR, AND CHINA. - the containment policy aka the truman doctrine = wanted to contain the other nations so communism wouldn't spread - they made nice with countries who have not yet made up their minds about communism - they weren't getting along - as an iron curtain - created by the sec. of state (george marshall) ..US financing of euro. recovery. - National Security Act (CIA) and US treaties (post war) established NATO and SEATO...NATO = euros and ams and SEATO = azns
	*What was the House Unamerican Activities Committee?	*tried to figure out if there were communist subvirsives in the US..they would look at unions, teachers, hollywood.
	Alger Hiss Case What was the result? *Who was in charge of case?	worked for the state dept.; was accused of being a commy spy since they thought he was passing secrets to someone named Witaker Chambers who was really a spy and a double agent. was convicted of perjury (lying under oath) but didn't get him for the spying. *HUAC member: Richard Nixon
	Who ran during the election of 1948? How did Truman run his campaign? How did Dewey run his campaign what was the mistake during this election?	Harry Truman vs. Thomas Dewey he did a "whistle stop campaign" (dealt with trains); if train had mail or w/e, they would whistle to let depot know that they are there; truman rode trains so he can visit all the citizens, kiss the babies, and stuff..it actually worked! by getting someone to do a telephone poll..dewey was thought to be the next pres. the chicago tribune made a headline which said DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN and it was truman who really won the election.
	*Describe the Korean War - who were commies and who weren't? - what did Truman do? - what did general McArthur want to do? - what did truman do about mcarthur? - what began in 1951	*was not a war since it was never declared; begain in 1950 while truman was pres, then ended in 1954 while IKE was pres. - N.Kor.= commies; S.K = anti-commies so NK invaded SK - he sent General McArthur and troops to korea & UN sent for troops as well. - wanted to bomb china as well bc they were commies as well. - he pulled him back to the states cuz he called the pres. a commie for refusing to bomb china. - peace talks begin and in 1953 peace agreement reached; stated that kor. will be divided in 38th parallel.
	Who ran in the election of 1952 and 1956? who won both terms? *bfore he became pres. what did he used to be?	Dwight Eisenhower (Rep)vs. Adlai Stevenson (Dem) IKE *commander in chief for WWII.
	what was the red scare? who was senator joseph mccarthy? what did mccarthy say that was controversial? what happened after he said that? *what was the result?	HUAC and McCarthism he was a crazy anti-commy dude and a compulsive liar; started his anti-commy crusade in 1950-1954..he claimed that there were a list of commies and ppl believed him said that there were communists in the army. there were senate hearings that were called "Army/McCarthy hearings"; went around saying that he couldn't give out any names of ppl who were a commy and ppl realized that he was full of shit *he gave up his position as senator, became a drunkie, went to an asylum, and died.
	1954 Brown vs. Board of Edu. what was the result of the case?	Thurgood Marshall argued in case and was a member of the NAACP; was trying to get rid of the "separate but equal" ruling. US supreme court ruled that there must be desegregated facilities "with all deliberate speed" which did not make any sense.
	*what happened in 1955 with Emmett Till?	*he came down from the north to visit relatives in MS; he whistled at a white woman in the south and got beat for it.
	who was daisy bates? what happened when daisy tried to do what she did?	she was from little rock, AK and she was a part of the NAACP who tried to deseg. central high in 1957 there was a big mob that came and only one black girl came to school...federal marshalls had to escort students cuz it was too dangerous so they had to shut down the school eventually.
	Rosa Parks what happened to the buses when the blacks boycotted it? who started the boycott? who was MLK? *what was the SCLC?	a woman in the NAACP who refused to give up her seat for a white man; this inspired blks to boycott buses. bus systems were going broke and black ppl didnt go to their jobs MLK had a Southern Christian Leadership Conference; was a Baptist minister *it was more for direct activity such as boycotting; were nonviolent
	Henry David Thoreau what two ppl used Thoreau's philosophy?	author for Civil Disobidence Gandi and MLK

	where and when did WWW1 start? when/where did the US get involved in the war?	Began in Europe from 1914-1919. America got into war from 1917-1919.
	what is imperialism? isolationism? *which on did the Americans follow?	to dominate others with a profit involved. EXAMPLE: European countries wanted to dominate others Euros. attack each other while Americans stay out of it. *Isolationism
	What countries were in the Central Powers? Allied Powers?	Germany, Austria-Hungary England, France, Russia, Japan, Italy, and US.
	What lead to the US fighting in the war?	The sinking of the Lisitania in 1915 - Lis. was an english pleasure boat - Germany warned them at first because they thought England was using boats to transport weapons - 2000 passengers died, including 128 Americans. Zimmerman Telegram of 1917 - secret telegram sent to Mexico from Germany - stated that if they help germans attack US, the mexicans will get the land they once lost. - telegram made public and infuriated americans - pres. woodrow wilson and congress declared war on germany
	*What was Wilson's reason for getting into war?	*he wanted to make country "safe for democracy"
	*Service Act of 1917 also known as the draft.	the governor made men fight in war didn't accept ppl with disabilities, women, and ppl of different race *all males 20-30 years old in good condition were qualified
	How many ppl served in the military How many were African Am.	4.8 million men served in the military 400,000 were African American
	*what did the NAACP encourage the blacks to do?	Fight so they can earn respect for serving the war afterwards In military however, blacks were segregated and things did not change with segregation after war.
	*What kind of jobs did the African Americans do while serving the war?	*Peeling potatoes or service in combat....
	*What did women do during the war?	*They did some work for the millitary but were excluded from combat
	*What advantages did women and blacks have while the whites were in combat?	*They had more job opportunities since white males were in battle so factory owners needed ppl to work in them
	*Committee on Public Info	"Pro-war" group Leader was George Creel Purpose was to mobilize public opinion about the war goal was "mind mobilization" and make ppl pro-war.
	*Name and describe those who were against the war.	Progressive Women - Jane Addams = was in the women's peace party Industrialists - Andrew Carnegie = he believed war caused upheaval in industries and he feard foreign influences such as socialism, anti-industrial ppl. - Henry Ford against war for same reasons as Carnegie but also thought Jews were gonig to take over after war. *Socialists - Eugene Debs - William "Big Bill" Haywood - Both believed that war was a way to make money
	*Espionage and Sedition Acts	*encouraged ppl to stop criticizing the war, draft, system of am. govt.; if they criticised anything they were jailed or punished.
	When the two sides stop fighting?	in 1918
	What did President Wilson make after the war and what was it?	14 points made the league of nations (world forum); all leaders from diff. countries would speak about problems without war but US didn't want to get involved except Wilson because the US wanted to be isolationists.
	*How long did the Post WW1 era last for?	*1919-1921
	Why did Russia become the US's enemies? What's the difference between communism and capitalism? *What were many workers interested in?	Because they turned into communists while the US believed in the capitalist system. Communism - favor workers and all ppl sharing the wealth.; Capitalism - favor the businesses *They were interested in learning about communism.
	What did returning soldiers want? What was all this commotion called?	Their jobs back but their replacements didn't want to give them up. Labor Unrest
	Palmer Raids 1919-20 What were they worried about? What were the raids against? How long did this go for? Who got arrested and why did they get arrested? What was the result of these raids?	Lead by Attorney General Palmer and FBI director Hoover worried about communism and workers unrest raids against suspected communists; there were no warrants, no bail, no attorney, no family notification when ppl got arrested this went on for several mos. Newspaper reporters, labor workers; got arrested bc of what they said in speech Eventually, those who lead the palmer raids had to use due process so it stopped.
	What was the American Civil Liberties Union design to do? Give an ex. *When was the group founded?	To protect the first Amendment ACLU helped Nazis *1920
	What else was a problem? What did many blks. do? What happened to blacks and women after the war? What else was a problem?	Racial Unrest They came to the north to looks for jobs before WW1. Got kicked out of jobs bc white males wanted jobs back. Living arrangements; whites wanted to live better and pick where they want to live.
	Chicago Race Riot, 1919 Why was this such a big deal?	example: decided that the beach (lake michigan) in chicago was to be segregated; blk. kids were swimming in the white beach and ppl threw rocks at the black kid until he drowned; later that night whites raided black neighborhood and beat them up, some blks. fought back. It was one of the first northern outbreaks in violence
	*What were ppl tired of and what were they looking for?	*War, war propaganda, and they were looking for profit and pleasure.
	What was the big emphasis in the 1920s? What did ppl do when they bought stuff	Materialism which is having everything and consumerism which is having something now while paying for it later. Used credit
	*Ads popular in the 20s ..why?	*bc ppl used psychological Ads such as making ppl feel insecure and inferior if they didn't buy the product; also sold Ads by promoting sex
	Describe the "New Woman" How did dating customs change? What did Jazz Music symobolize? What were speakeasies? *What were "flappers"?	Got to vote and more social freedom. girls and guys would have more privacy by doing stuff in the backseat and movie theatres. drove ppl "mad" into having sex Illegal bars that sold alcohol since it was forbidden *women who wore clothing that revealed their ankles; they didn't wear underwear or bras.
	*What role did Sigmund Freud play in the 1920s?	*Said "when ppl repress their urges and desires they will come out in some other way bc the urges will never go away. - ppl thought freud said just do whatever they feel, even though he never said that so ppl just did "bad" instead.
	who was Aimee Semple McPherson? what message was she trying to recruit? where was her church? explain the incident that happened to her? what was the result of this incident? what was said about this incident?	was a radio evangelist and temple evangetlist. was trying to recruit messages and tryin to get ppl to listen to her messages which was love had her church in los angeles one day Aimee didn't show up for work and ppl found her two weeks later with a radio dispatcher who was married in a hotel so it turned into a big scandal ppl cancelled her church and radio show had one foot in the old ways and another in the 1920s style.
	who was gertrude stein? what did she not like? what was so controversal about her? what did she do in paris?	writer of "ex-patriate" didn't like US materialism and consumerism was a lessie, got lots of crap from that and ran off to paris,france with her girl,Alice had an artistic salon; famous ppl stopped by salon
	what was the mindset of americans around this time period?	they were trying to get more into society rather than out of it.
	which race was getting more into society? what were they referred to? what did the northern african americans develop and what was it based on? what did they begin to think about doing?	african americans New Negro a new culture; based on many soth aspects began to think of new ways to live
	*name the 3 things marcus garvey believed in.	*he believed that the only way blacks can succeed is to accomodate separate black communities and was a responsiblity for blacks to stop using products that seem like they were for white ppl such as hair straighteners, skin lighteners, etc....also bel. in black capitalism.
	what did marcus garvey start? what else was there that promoted garvey's messages? what did they not accept in the newspaper and why? what happened to marcus in the end?	the universal negro improvement association to promote black seperatism..black pride! a newspaper called Negro World ads bc it was a white ppl thing he fled to jaimaca cuz he got in trouble for something.
	what was the harlem renaissance? where was this located? name two famous african ams who were a part of this movement who was a famous af.am. musicican at this time?	it was an artistic/literary movement district was in NYC langston hughes and zora neale hurston. louis armstrong
	*what did ppl think of the new negro and the new woman?	*americans belived that it was unacceptable..it was bringing america down..whatever.
	what group came back? what did they have issues with? how many klansmen did they have by 1923? who were their targets (four)?	KKK came back from 1915-1925 didnt like how immigration and the new negro movement was going five million catholics, jewish imms, black, and violators of traditional values (adulters, homos., evolutionists like those who taught evo., and bootleggers wich were alchy servers)
	*what did the reform org do for those who did not follow the KKK standard?	*they bel. that they should be punished
	explain the big scandal that happened in 1925 with the Indiana grand dragon (head of the klan) what was the result of this scandal?	accused of kidnapping, rape, and second degree murder because he raped a secretary who he had a thing for and she ended up poisoning herself...ppl bel. he drove her to it he went to jail for all of this and the klan began to recede....klansmen broke standards...they didn't want to deal with the scandal
	*what was the national origins act of 1924?	*it set quotas for immigrants and KKK didn't like immigrants but neither did alot of ppl.
	explain the sacco and vanzetti scandal of 1920-1927. explain what the trial was based on. *result?	two immigrants from italy were anarchists..there was a robbery and a murder in MA and they were accused of it..wasn't any proof of them doing it either!..folks just assumed that they were good villians just bc they were immigrants and anarchisits.. trial was more based on their political views rather than the actual murder itself. *sent to death
	what law was passed in TN? explain the Scopes case. who was his lawyer? Who was TN's lawyer and what did this lawyer bel.? what was this trial known as? trial started in...? when darrow called bryan to the stand, how did he question him? what happened to Bryan 4-5 days after the trial? *what was the result of the trial?	no one was allowed to teach the theory of evolution in schools John Scopes was a HS teacher and belived that TN law was bad and he wanted to teach evol. so ppl wanted him to teach evol...he would be provided a lawyer after his arrest Clarence Darrow, a ACLU lawyer William Jennings Bryan and he believed that all local districts should make their own rules. the monkey trial 1925 he began to ask him questions on the bible like if everything that is said in the bible is true and stuff he died *scopes was convicted because he broke TN law; was fined but never collected it and he served no jail time
	who were the candidates for the election of 1928? who won? describe hoover describe smith	herbert hoover, a republican and al smith, a democrat hoover won he was an old-fashioned guy who believed in small gov. and didn't like the idea of credit..WASP from a small town smith was a progressive. believed gov. should be used and was in tammany hall which was a political machine; he lived in the city
	when did the great depression occur? name the first reason why it happened and explain. second reason and explain. third reason. *fourth reason.	from 1929-1939. agricultural and industrial goods; farmers destroyed crops...once depression began they threw oranges in river sine no one was buying them overspeculation in the stock market; october of 1929 there was a crash..ppl who saved money lost it in the bank bc of crash..also they would buy shares of companies like crazy... there was a lack of regulation of banks and stock market *world debt problem
	*what was happening to ppl during the depression?	*lots of ppl lost lots of money, suicide rates went up, many lost their jobs and didn't have a chance of getting another one
	what was hoover's philosophy behind this whole depression business? what was this dumbass afraid of?	he believed that the system would just fix itself and government shouldnt get involved bc he's a dumb ass!...oh yea and he believed that poverty was a personal failing..yea ok! creating a big government welfare bureaucracy
	*finally...what did hoover try to do in attempt to make things better?	*the reconstruction finance corporation (1932, gov. act)...he authorized two billion dollars in gov. loans to big businesses...this was a trickle down plan because it put money in to big bus. and it went down.
	*who wanted who during the election of 1932?	*reps wanted hoover..i dunno why and demos wanted FDR.
	what was "hooverville"? "hooverchickens"? *"hooverflaps"?	where poor ppl would live in little shacks made out of boxes..it poked fun at the stupid ass president if one had to shoot a rabbit to eat it *if one had empty pockets bc they were broke
	describe the fabulous FDR. what was his thought about gov? *what was unique about his presidency and what was the result of it?	he came from a politically active family; had polio and recovered but had lost of his legs so he had to be in a wheelchair...he didn't let media make a big deal out of if though..he was a very enthusiasctic guy and had a positive attitude about things. wanted to use gov. to solve problems; very progressive and he arrived with a ton of programs in hand. *he served three terms and after his presidency, republicans made an amendment where the president can only serve two terms, not 12 years like FDR.
	what was "brain trust" what made the conservatives scared about him? *what did FDR tried to get rid of?	a plan by FDR to gather all smart ppl (consulting experts) to washington just the fact that he was very experimental about things but he made lots of ppl happy *prohibition
	What did FDR do to try to fix the depression? what was the emergency banking act of 1933?	he made the New Deal it closed down every single bank on the same day, examiners took a look at the banks and if they looked organized, they could reopen, if not, they were permanently shut down...congress actually enforced this a couple days after FDR already took action
	*what was the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934?	*directed at the Stock Market. tried to bring stocks under control and companies had to register to gov. to let them know what they were buying and selling..companies were monitored and made stock market more stable.
	What did FDR do with business and labor? What was the National Recovery Administration? - what type of codes did they use? - what type of industries used these codes? what were folks worried about with the workers? what was section 7A?	he appointed Frances Perkins as the new secretary of labor and the cabinet was exectutive branch depts. it established national codes/standards for big industries - production codes, prices, and wages - oil, auto, and movie industries (get approval of NRA and displayed bald eagle symbolizing they they cooperated in NRA) that they weren't protected by the NRA but there was a section about labor. it authorized labor unions and gave govt. approval for labor unions...couldn't break them up anymore, only had to negotiate
	Describe Huey Long what did he hate? what type of person was he? what did he establish?	was LA gov in 1928 and senator in 1930. hated the NRA program bc the "big shots" got to make codes (didnt like Rockefeller or any oil or car industries) he was a populist bc he cared about the poor; criticised standard oil cos. established "share our wealth"
	what was "share our wealth" consisted of? how many ppl were in it? was the motto? what was the plan? *what else did he have?	it was consisted of a bunch of local organizations seven mil. members motto was "every man a king" guaranteed $2000 annual income for every family and money would come from taxes on rich *the deduct box but when he died, it was gone.
	What did the US supreme court do to the NRA? give the reasons why it was unconstit.?	it struck it down in 1935 bc it was believed to be unconstitutional bc federal gov shouldn't be allowed to intervene in the business of intrastate (within one state), federal action was only ok in interstate (two or more), NRA interfered with industries that were in one state only
	what was the Agricultural Adjustment Administration of 1933? what were the problems with this?	major feature: fed. gov makes payments to farmers who withdraw acreage from cultivation sharecroppers were evicted bc famers would destroy the piece of land the sharecroppers used so the farmers could get more money from the govt...it also hurt small farmers bc they didn't have enough land
	*what did congress do about the AAA?	*it struck it down in 1936.
	What was End Poverty in CA (EPIC)? who did they nominate as cabinet? *what was thier plan?	it ran a cabinet in 1934 (gov's race) nominated upton sinclair *state of CA was to buy or lease farmland then let poor grow food
	*What was the Civilian Conservation Case	*Rural improvement project such as hwys, bridges, national parks
	when did the second new deal start? what needed to be fixed still?	1935-1941 unemployment, had to replace the NRA
	what did FDR do in order to replace the NRA? what was this act also called? what did it give the ok on? what did it establish? who did the National Labor Relation exclude? why were they excluded?	he came up with the national labor relations act (NLRA) the wagner act unions grievance board (national relations board)..33,000 cases (7 mil. workers) in board farmers and domestic workers such as maids, cooks, garderners bc they were the poorest and came from foreign countries so they move all the time
	Fair Labor Standards Act who did they exclude?	tried to address problems in the federal gov. level, minimum wage up to 40 cents/hour; max. hrs. 40hrs/wk. farmers and domestic workers once again
	United Auto Workers (UAW) who acknowledged the UAW?	they did sit down strikes and general motors was struck against..protestors would sit and not leave their jobs general motors
	What was formed in 1938 as a result of the heavy industry being snubbed by the AFL? what happened in the 1950s?	The congress of industrial organizations & John L. Lewis was president. merger of AFL was the CIO.
	Work Projects Admin. (WPA) name the two kind of jobs this programs had. - describe them. *what role did john steinback play in the WPA?	federal gov. hires and pays people to work construction and culture - construction: public bldg., bridges, hwys, national and city parks, all sorts of public facilities improved - culture: theatre, writing, music, and art *he wrote travel guides
	National Youth Admin. what was their goal? what did they do about the blacks? who was the director of the black program?	provided part-time jobs to students it was to get students to stay in school since money was provided for them it was a separate but equal program since it had blacks in it too..it was called the division of negro affairs Mary Mcleod Bethune
	Who was Dr. Francis Townsend? what was 1/2 the national's income?	he made the Townsend Plan = federal gov. should give $200/month to every person who was 60 and over and they were to spend all $200 within the month 8 percent of population
	name the 3 major parts of the Social Security Act of 1935 who did they exclude?	retirement insurance, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children farm workers and domestic workers
	who was the Farm Security Admin designed to help? what did it set up?	this was to help poor farmers migratory farm worker camps
	What happened to the Native Ams. during this time period? (1933) what came out of the BIA?	John Collier was the commissioner of the bureau of indian affairs and he ended the boarding school program and was also skeptical about the christian thing the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.
	Describe the controversy with Marion Anderson What was the result of controversy?	she was a singer who was invited to sing for the Daughters of the American Revolution for the annual convention..at the last min, they discovered that the bldg didn't allow blacks so they called Marion and told her not to come...Eleanor Roose. reported this to newspapers and resigned from the Daughters of... Marion sang for the Lincoln Memorial instead
	*What were the fireside chats?	*radio station where FDR would speak about current events or issues
	*What was said about the New Deal?	*it suffered just like society..it got a little better but depression never went away..it was WWII that got ppl out of depression.
	*How long did WWII last for the europeans? americans?	*1939-1945; 1941-1945
	*Explain the first interpretation as to why WWII started? - what was established? - why was it similar to the WPA? - who got involved?	*It was the last phase of the New Deal: - war production board = just like the NRA; set codes and it was an effort for gov. to organize industry. - bc this board had construction projects such as equipment and there were cultural projects as well. - Hollywood: Frank Copra in the movie, Why We Fight.
	*What was Inter. #2? - who were the allied powers? - axis powers?	*second phase of WW1 - england, france, russia, US - germany, italy, japan
	*MAJOR EVENTS IN INTER #2 - what happened in germany in 1939? - what happened in 1941? - what did the Japs do in 1941? - what happened in 1944? - what happened in 1945?	- germany invades poland and since poland had treaties with other countries like the allied powers, england and france declared war on germany on sept.2, 1939. - germany invades russia not many try to help them fast enough; some say it was bc they were commies. - they were planning on attacking US sure nuff they did with the attack of pearl harbor on dec. 7, 1941..as a result, US declares war on them the next day. - D-Day - FDR passed away and died just before germany surrendered (one month before to be exact)
	- who became pres. after FDR? - what also happened in 1945? - what was the Manhattan Project?	- Harry S. Truman - hitler commits suicide and germany formally surrenders on may 8, 1945. - Truman goes to a conference and tells the other important US leaders that they A-bomb has been made..called it the manhattan proj. to throw ppl off so they wouldn't know what it really was....bomb was to be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki..the Japs finally surrender.
	*Explain Inter. #3? - what did this deal with? - what was going on with the jews? - how was the US viewed and what was wrong with it? - how did the US deal with the azns? - what was the korematsn case? - what did ppl try to do to other in the camps? - what happened in 1988?	*second phase of reconstruction - race relations - there was Nazi persecution of the jews - they were viewed as the leader of the free world but they had problems with minorities as well. - well since pearl harbor attacked the US and over 2000 ams were killed, FDR made the asians go to relocation camps...they had 48 hours to go and only take what they can carry..the rest went to an auction. 110,000 went to the camps and 65% were american citizens...camps were like militlary camps. - fred kor. said that relocation camps were illegal since it was taking rights away, the courts said this was a "reasonable" wartime precaution; lost case - try to recruit them to join the military and they were allowed to leave and attend college while staying with a white fam. - US congress authorized $20,000 in damages plus apology to jap-am families.
	- what was being done to the african americans? - what was the "double v campaign"? - how were the blacks treated while they served in war? - what did the red cross do? - who was Benjamin O. Davis? - where were black pilots sent to? - what was ordered in 1948?	- the NAACP encouraged young african ams to join war so they can earn respect - victory abroad (esp. racism) and victory at home (racism in US) - they were in segregated units and assigned them to jobs that were servant like - they segregated the blood too and the irony of this was that it was created by an african american by the name of Dr. Charles Drew - first black brigadeer general (1940) - Tuskegee Institute to train and of them were 80 distinguished flying crosses - desegregation
	- what type of riots were back in the the 40s and why?	- race riots bc wartime blacks wanted to take over factories up north
	- what role did the native ams play in the war?	- they were known as the code talkers
	*what was inter. #4?	*first phase of cold war
	- how did the war end? - what was the controversy with the united nations? - UN's charter was est. when? - describe the diff. parts the UN was split into. - what did truman est and explain it? - give an ex of this. - what was a problem with the US and the USSR? - how did churchill describe isolationism? - Marshall plan? - name the two programs made after marshall plan.	- it ended in 1945 with germany and the japs surrendering - a controversy because big countries didn't want to take orders from anyone...woodrow wilson had the league of nations originally and made it to the united nations - april of 1945 - 1)general assembly= all nations, each with one vote; 2)security concil= six rotating members(a nation); 3)five permanent members (nations) with veto power which were the US, USSR, ENG., FR, AND CHINA. - the containment policy aka the truman doctrine = wanted to contain the other nations so communism wouldn't spread - they made nice with countries who have not yet made up their minds about communism - they weren't getting along - as an iron curtain - created by the sec. of state (george marshall) ..US financing of euro. recovery. - National Security Act (CIA) and US treaties (post war) established NATO and SEATO...NATO = euros and ams and SEATO = azns
	*What was the House Unamerican Activities Committee?	*tried to figure out if there were communist subvirsives in the US..they would look at unions, teachers, hollywood.
	Alger Hiss Case What was the result? *Who was in charge of case?	worked for the state dept.; was accused of being a commy spy since they thought he was passing secrets to someone named Witaker Chambers who was really a spy and a double agent. was convicted of perjury (lying under oath) but didn't get him for the spying. *HUAC member: Richard Nixon
	Who ran during the election of 1948? How did Truman run his campaign? How did Dewey run his campaign what was the mistake during this election?	Harry Truman vs. Thomas Dewey he did a "whistle stop campaign" (dealt with trains); if train had mail or w/e, they would whistle to let depot know that they are there; truman rode trains so he can visit all the citizens, kiss the babies, and stuff..it actually worked! by getting someone to do a telephone poll..dewey was thought to be the next pres. the chicago tribune made a headline which said DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN and it was truman who really won the election.
	*Describe the Korean War - who were commies and who weren't? - what did Truman do? - what did general McArthur want to do? - what did truman do about mcarthur? - what began in 1951	*was not a war since it was never declared; begain in 1950 while truman was pres, then ended in 1954 while IKE was pres. - N.Kor.= commies; S.K = anti-commies so NK invaded SK - he sent General McArthur and troops to korea & UN sent for troops as well. - wanted to bomb china as well bc they were commies as well. - he pulled him back to the states cuz he called the pres. a commie for refusing to bomb china. - peace talks begin and in 1953 peace agreement reached; stated that kor. will be divided in 38th parallel.
	Who ran in the election of 1952 and 1956? who won both terms? *bfore he became pres. what did he used to be?	Dwight Eisenhower (Rep)vs. Adlai Stevenson (Dem) IKE *commander in chief for WWII.
	what was the red scare? who was senator joseph mccarthy? what did mccarthy say that was controversial? what happened after he said that? *what was the result?	HUAC and McCarthism he was a crazy anti-commy dude and a compulsive liar; started his anti-commy crusade in 1950-1954..he claimed that there were a list of commies and ppl believed him said that there were communists in the army. there were senate hearings that were called "Army/McCarthy hearings"; went around saying that he couldn't give out any names of ppl who were a commy and ppl realized that he was full of shit *he gave up his position as senator, became a drunkie, went to an asylum, and died.
	1954 Brown vs. Board of Edu. what was the result of the case?	Thurgood Marshall argued in case and was a member of the NAACP; was trying to get rid of the "separate but equal" ruling. US supreme court ruled that there must be desegregated facilities "with all deliberate speed" which did not make any sense.
	*what happened in 1955 with Emmett Till?	*he came down from the north to visit relatives in MS; he whistled at a white woman in the south and got beat for it.
	who was daisy bates? what happened when daisy tried to do what she did?	she was from little rock, AK and she was a part of the NAACP who tried to deseg. central high in 1957 there was a big mob that came and only one black girl came to school...federal marshalls had to escort students cuz it was too dangerous so they had to shut down the school eventually.
	Rosa Parks what happened to the buses when the blacks boycotted it? who started the boycott? who was MLK? *what was the SCLC?	a woman in the NAACP who refused to give up her seat for a white man; this inspired blks to boycott buses. bus systems were going broke and black ppl didnt go to their jobs MLK had a Southern Christian Leadership Conference; was a Baptist minister *it was more for direct activity such as boycotting; were nonviolent
	Henry David Thoreau what two ppl used Thoreau's philosophy?	author for Civil Disobidence Gandi and MLK

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