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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two things did the South have to do after the war?
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Rebuild the economy and work out the meaning and consequences of emancipation
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What were the 3 responses to freedom from the Blacks?
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Escape white domination over their lives, started their own churches, and started their own schools
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Give the two reasons why the South needed a new system of labor.
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Landowners with little cash and no laborers, and laborers with no land
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What was Lincoln's view about Reconstruction?
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Not to punish but "to restore" proper and practical relations between those states and the Union.
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President Johnson thought the job of the reconstruction belonged to whom?
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President
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What was President Johnson's reconstruction called?
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Presidential Reconstruction
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President Johnson's reconstruction policies were based on showing ________ toward the South.
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amnesty
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What were the two parts of Presidential Reconstruction?
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He offered amnesty and restoration of their property-if they made an oath of allegiance to the Union. Took steps to set up provisional state governments that would write new constitutions.
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What was the result of Presidential Reconstruction?
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The new forms of Southern government looked too much like the old ones.
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What did the 13th Amendment do?
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Abolished slavery
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Which two states failed to ratify the 13th Amendment?
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Mississippi and Texas
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What was the purpose of the Black Codes?
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To stop the movement of freed men and to return Blacks to plantation labor.
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The majority of Congress belonged to what party?
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Republican
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What were the two different groups of this party?
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Radical and moderate
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The Moderate Republicans didn't want to grant too much...
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power to the federal government.
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What was the goal of the Radical Republicans?
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A revolution that would destroy the planter class and make the South a place of small farms, free schools, respect for labor, and political equality.
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What were the Radical policies to achieve their goal?
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Suffrage for all blacks, disenfranchise planters, take land from planters and redistribute, federally supported schools.
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What were the two bills Congress passed to modify Presidential Reconstruction?
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Extended the life and powers of the Freedmen's Bureau and Civil Rights Bill.
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What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
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An agency developed to help ex-slaves adjust to their new freedom.
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What was Johnson's reaction to the Congressional modification?
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He vetoed both bills
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What was the Congressional reaction to Johnson's reaction to their modification of Reconstruction?
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They voted to pass the Civil Rights Act over the veto.
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What showed that Congress had taken over Reconstruction?
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They later passed a new Freedmen's Bureau over Johnson's veto.
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What did the Southern states do to the 14th Amendment?
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They voted to reject it
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Why was this a mistake?
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It caused the Moderate Republicans to join the Radical Republicans
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The Reconstruction Act of 1867 did what two things to the South?
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Divided it into 5 military districts and disenfranchised
much of the prewar planter class |
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The Reconstruction Act of 1867 made the South do what three things?
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Write new Constitutions that allowed all men to vote, approve those Constitutions by a majority of voters, ratify the 14th Amendment.
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What was different about the people who were registered to vote in the "Changing South?"
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More blacks than whites were registered to vote.
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What party dominated the state legislatures during Radical Reconstruction?
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Republican
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What three groups made up the delegates on the Reconstruction Legislatures?
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Scalawags, Blacks, and Carpetbaggers
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What was a scalawag?
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A Southern white who supported Radical Reconstruction.
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What was a carpetbagger?
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A Northerner that moved to the South.
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What did Congress hope to achieve with a conviction in President Johnson's impeachment?
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Gain more power for Congress
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Who made up the KKK?
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Southern white men
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What was the immediate goal of the KKK?
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Allow the planter class to regain control over state legislatures.
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What was the long term goal of the KKK?
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To carry out terrorism against African Americans and to gain control of legislatures.
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What did the Reconstruction Legislatures believe?
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The government should help take care of the people.
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How did the Legislatures pay for these new programs?
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They raised property taxes
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What were the three problems of Reconstruction Legislatures?
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High taxes, corrupt legislatures, in debt legislatures
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What was the Mississippi Plan?
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It allowed the planter class to regain control over state legislatures in the South.
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Where was it adopted?
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Throughout the South
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What ended Reconstruction in the South?
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Compromise of 1877
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Why was the North willing to do this?
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They wanted to end Reconstruction so they accepted Rutherford B. Hayes as President.
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The economy of the South had not changed much. The blacks still depended on the whites for their __________.
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livelihood
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What was a share cropper?
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Farmers that provided labor in exchange for part of the crops.
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Who were sharecroppers?
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African Americans
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What was a tenant farmer?
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Farmers that rented land and paid the owner in cash for part of the crops.
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Who were the tenant farmers?
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1/3 of the white farmers
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What did the tenant farmers want to grow?
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food
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What were they forced to grow?
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Cotton
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Why were they forced to grow this?
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It kept the tenant farmers in debt
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Why was growing cotton a mistake?
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Wore out soil and South had to import half of its food
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The South developed new ________ and the ______ greatly expanded.
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railroads; South
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What caused the tobacco industry to boom?
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Cigarette making machine
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What did the Jim Crow Laws do?
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They kept African Americans away from the polls
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How did the Jim Crow Laws do this?
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Poll tax and proof of literacy
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What were the two Supreme Court rulings that favored racism?
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1)Private businesses could discriminate
2)Plessy vs. Ferguson-Stated that "separate but equal" was lawful |
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What did Booker T. Washington believe?
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African Americans should learn a useful trade
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Why did Booker discourage African Americans from protesting against discrimination?
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It would only increase white's hostility
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What was Booker T. Washington the founder of?
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The National Negro Business League and the Tuskegee Institute
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