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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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turnpikes
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toll roads; the first advance in overland transportation
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Erie canal
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completed in 1825; 363 mile stretch from New York City to Great Lakes
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telegraph
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invented by Samuel F B Morse during the 1830s.
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squatters
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western migrants setting up farms on unoccupied land without a clear legal title.
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cotton gin
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a device invented by Eli Whitney that consisted of rollers and brushes to seperate the seed from the cotton.
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Cotton Kingdom
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southern states that produce cottom for the northern states
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slave coffles
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groups chained to one another on forced marches to the Deep South
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John Deere steel plow
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a steel plow invented by John Deere in 1837, made rapid subduing of the western prairies
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Cyrus McCormick reaper
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a horse drawn machine invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1831. mass produced wheat
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factory system
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composed large groups of workers under central supervision wusing power driven machinery
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American system of manufactures
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reliance on the mass production of interchangeable parts that could be rapidly assembled into standerized finished products
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mill girls
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young married women that left their Yankee farm families to work in the mills
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nativism
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native born Americans who feared the impact of immigration on American political and social life
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Gibbons v Ogden
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the court struck down a monopoly the New York legislature had granted for steamboat navigation
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Charles River Bridge case
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1837, Roger B Taney, chief justice, the court ruled Massachusetts legislature did not infringe the charter of an existing company of constructing a bridge, when it empowered a second company to build a competing bridge
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manifest destiny
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first employed phrase by John L O'Sullivan, meaning that the United States had a divinely appointed mission, so obvious as to be beyond dispute, to occupy all of North America
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transendentalists
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Ralph Waldo Emerson; one of the few who believe on the primacy of the individual judgment over existing social traditions and institutions.
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camp meetings
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areas where evangelical preachers gathered all types of people for the second great awakening
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self made man
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John Jacob Astor story; a person who achieved success in America did so not as result of hereditary privilege.
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cult of domesticity
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the home as a woman's proper sphere
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the dorr war
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Thomas Dorr; the war demonstrated the passions aroused by the continuing exclusion of any group of white men from voting
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Democracy in America
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written by Alexis de Tocqueville, a classic account of a society in the midst of a political transformation
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information revolution
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the production of large expansions of the public spheres and explosion in printing caused by the market revolution and political democracy
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infant industries
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the newly american manufactering enterprises that needed protection from the competing British markets
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american system
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a blueprint for government-promoted economic development placed forward by President James Madison, on December 1815
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internal improvements
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government sponsored construction of roads and canals
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second bank of the United States
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created in 1816; it was a private, profit-making corporation that served as the government's financial agent, issuing paper money, collecting taxes, and paying governmental's debts
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panic of 1819
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caused by the overprinting of money from both private and the bank of the United States.
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McCulloch v Maryland
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the attempt from the state of Maryland to tax any outside banking institutions (out of state). this attempted law was aimed toward the second bank of the United States
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Missouri controversy
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the Missouri land wanted to enter the union as a slave state. this caused controversy between congress for years, until the Missouri compromise was reached.
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Monroe Doctrine
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drafted by John Quincy Adams; message to the European coutnries that (1) the United States will oppose any further colonization in the Americas, (2) the United States will abstain involvement in European wars, (3) warned Europe not to interfere with the newly independent states of Latin America
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spoils system
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the rotation in office; party functionaries were rewarded with political / goverment offices
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Eaton affair
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scandal involving Peggy Eaton married one of Andew Jackson's cabinet, immediately after her first husband's death
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Exposition and Protest
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secretly drafted by John C Calhoun in 1828, in which South Carolina legislature justified nullification.
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force act
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using the army and navy to collect customs duties
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Indian removal act
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1830, Jackson's administration early law to remove Indians and move them further west
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Worcrester v Georgia
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Indian affairs would not be handled by the states, but by the federal government
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the bank war
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Jackson distruction of Biddle's bank
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hard money v soft money
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Jackson's belief of hard money (gold and silver) was honest currency than soft money (paper notes)
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pet banks
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local state banks that received federal funds during Jackson's presidency
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panic of 1837
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a result of Jackson's decision replace soft money with hard money.
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the peculiar institution
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slavery, an institution unique to southern society
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cotton is king
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cotton replaced sugar as the world's major crop produced by slave labor
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lords of the Loom and lords of the Lash
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lords of the Loom (New England's early factory owners) and lords of the Lash (southern slaveowners)
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plain folk
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small white southern families that owned no slaves. they made up 3/4 of the southern family population.
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southern paternalism
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"the master's" obligation of the slave's mutual rights (protection, council/guidance, subsistence, and medical care)
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the proslavery argument
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justifications for slavery, from racisim, blacks innately inferior to whites; to biblical, slaves must obey their masters; and finally through history, using slaves to build the Greek and Roman Empires
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slave religion
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distinctive version of Christianity; a blend of African traditions and Christian beliefs. usually practiced in secret nighttimes
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silent sabotage
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a form of resistance that included doing poor work, breaking tools, abusing animals, and disrupting the plantation routines in many other ways.
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underground railroad
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loose organization of abolitionist that hid fugitives in thier home and sent them to the next "station'
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runaways
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escaped slaves
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Harriet Tubman
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an escaped slave, who risked her life by returning to free her relatives and other slaves, multiple times (x20)
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Denmark Vesey's conspiracy
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a planned slave rebellion against the city of Charleston, SC; argued the injustice by quoting the bible, declaration of independence, and the recent debates from congress about the Missouri compromise
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Nat Turner's Rebellion
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a slave preacher, who believed that God had chosen him to lead a black uprising. gathered a small group and rebelled on July 4, 1831, by killing whites. on August 22, he was captured by the militia and executed.
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utopian communities
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perfect societies; structures were different (i.e. single leader vs democratic) but they aimed for the same goal, perfection.
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polygamy
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having more than one spouse; adapted by the mormons
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secular communitarian
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a person who plans or lives in a cooperative community; Robert Owen, most important
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perfectionism
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the vision of both individual and society at large as capable of indefininte improvements.
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temperance movement
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a crusade to eliminate drinking alcohol entirely.
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self-discipline
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important to the reformers inorder to succeed self-fulfillment
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common school
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tax supported state school system open to all children; established in 1860 in every northern state, but opposed in the southern states
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public education
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in Horace Mann view, bringing the children of all classes together and equipping the less fortunate to advance in the social scale
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American Colonization Society
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promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa
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American Anti-Slavery Society
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promoted immediate abolition and insisted the incorporation as equal citizens of the republic.
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moral suasion
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belief that the coercion should be eliminated from all human relationships and institutions.
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1851, gave the abolitionist message a powerful human appeal
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Am I Not a Man and a Brother
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the most common abolitionist depiction of a slave. the image represents African Americans as unthreatining, seeking white assistance and recoginition as a fellow man unjustly held in bondage
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gentlemen of property and standing
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mostly merchants with close commercial ties to the South, financed mobs to disrupt abolitionist meetings in the northern cities
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gag rule
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pass by the house of representatives, prohibited the considerations fo aboltionist's petitions for emancipation
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Dorothea Dix
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a Massachusetts school teacher, leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane. her efforts began the construction of mental hosptials in 28 states
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woman suffrage
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the right to vote and run office
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woman in the nineteenth century
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published in 1845, Margaret Fuller, apply to women the trancedentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development.
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liberty party
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a political party for aboliton only
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