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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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13th Amendment
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outlawed and ended slavery
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What was Lincolns view on war?
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He was a moderate. He would rather have gradual abolition if it meant avoiding war.
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While General Sherman liberated the south, he passed the "wartime confiscation acts", what were these?
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Sherman confiscated the slave owners' land and redistributed it to ex-slaves.
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What was the redistributed land by General Sherman called?
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"Sherman Land"
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What three bureaus helped the refugee population in the South?
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The bureau of Refugees, The bureau of Abandoned Lands, and the Freedmans Burea.
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Who assassinated Lincoln?
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John Wilkes Booth
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After Lincoln was assassinated, who was the Vice President that then took over?
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Andrew Johnson
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What were "The Johnson State Governments", and who did they favor?
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Made it easy for ex-slave owners and ex-confederates to regain their citizenship, property and power.
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Who was Andrew Johnson sympathetic towards?
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Ex-slave owners
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What code was developed under the Johnson State Governments?
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The Black Code
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Who led the Radical Republicans in congress, outraged by the implementing of the Black Codes?
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Thaddeus Stevens
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What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14th Amendment provide?
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Equal protection clause - that every citizen of the US has equal protection of the law. 14th amendment also granted citizenship to ex-slaves.
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What does it mean to "impeach" a president?
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Put them on trial
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For what was Andrew Johnson impeached for?
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Breaking the "Tenure of Office Act" - the firing of senior officials of the executive department without congressional approval. (Johnson was surrounded by republicans, being a democrat he began firing them off, which Thaddeus knew he would do)
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What did the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
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Turned the south into 5 military districts, revoked citizenship of those that fought for the confederacy (ex-slave owners), and governed them under radical republicans in congress under military rule.
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What form of government did the Military Reconstruction Act rid of?
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The Johnson State Governments.
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The 15th Amendment spoke on
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mens voting laws
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Who started the Ku Klux Klan?
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Nathan Bedford Forest
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What are carpetbaggers?
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Northerners that came down South looking for free land being given away by the Military Government.
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What are scallywags?
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Southerners who sympathized with the North or worked with the Military Government.
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What was sharecropping?
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Ex-slave owners swore their illegiance under the Military Government for their land back, and used sharecropping to let African-Americans live on that land if they worked on it, and had to pay the crop owners a share of the crop.
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What is the claim on sharecrops by the slave owners and merchants known as?
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Crop lien
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What was another term for sharecropping?
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economic slavery
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Union general, winning victories against confederates. Presidency filled with corruption.
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Racism
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discrimination based on appearance alone
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Gender
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the roles of males and females in a society
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What was the gender role for women called?
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Republican Motherhood
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What was Republican Motherhood defined as?
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This role said that women should raise their sons to be responsible voters and good Republicans, that way women could have their "part" in voting thru them.
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Suffrage
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Universal voting rights
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Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton created organizations geared towards what?
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The birth of freedom to include women, and honoring universal rights.
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15th Amendment
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universal voting rights for men
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What are human rights?
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Rights that humans inherit by a power greater than human. (Natural rights)
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A corruption during the Grant administration; what was the Whiskey Ring?
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110 government employees pocketing taxes on whiskey
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A corruption during the Grant administration; what was the Indian Ring?
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government officials giving kickbacks in exchange for trading rights with Native Americans
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1870 Force Acts
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allows the federal government to supervise state elections
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1870 Ku Klux Klan Act
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made it a felony, a federal crime, to obstruct voting
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1872 Amnesty Act
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granted amnesty to the ex-confederates (political pardon) to vote again
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1875 Civil Rights Act
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outlawed discrimination in public offices and public transporation
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"the South will rise again" people, a political group with a lot of power gaining in the South
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Redeemers
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In the 1874 election, who gained control over the house?
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Democrats (previously rad repubs under Thaddeus)
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The Compromise of 1877
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During the presidential election of Republican Rutherford B Hayes and a democrat which came to a tie. Democrats said republicans can have the presidency in exchange for the end of reconstruction (military rule leaves south).
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This ordered the removal of the Native Americans in the South
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Bureau of Indian Affairs 1824
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Reservations
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concentration camps for Native americans
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What were the 5 Native American tribes?
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The Creek, The Cherokee, The Caukta, The Seminoles, and The Chickasaw.
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The long, forced walk of The Cherokees to Oklahoma resulting in many deaths was known as the
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Trail of Tears
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When the spanish conquered Latin America, they didn't remove the Native Americans, instead they brought a system known as what, that did what?
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Encomienda. The spanish claimed land along with the people living on that land (in order for them to stay). This was known as cohabitation.
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What was the main difference between the English and Spanish treatment of Native Americans?
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The English never cohabited with the Native Americans, they were simply removed.
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The US Government force of the Navaho to a New Mexico reservation was known as?
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the Long Walk
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The Sioux Nations on the Great Plains were divided into two, called
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The Lakota Sioux on the Western side of the plains.
Dakota Sioux on the Eastern side of the plains. |
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What were the settlers wars?
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Settlers went into the Great Plains and started killing off the Bison, coming into conflict with Native Americans.
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An attempt of Native Americans to save the bison herd. This gave safe passage for settlers through Sioux territory, in exchange it designated Native American territory.
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1851 Fort Laramie
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A sacred burial grounds, where the Cheyenne buried the dead, and where later the Sioux did the same. Shamans went here to speak to ancestors and spirits (Mother Earth).
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The Black Hills
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Where was gold first found, 1859 in Colorado?
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Pikes Peak
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Pikes Peak was whose land?
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Arapaho and Cheyenne land
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Who were the Cheyenne run by?
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Black Kettle
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Who were the Arapaho run by?
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Little Raven
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1864 Ash Creek Skirmish
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Little Raven and Black Kettle battled the US Army under Col Chivington, ordered to massacre a Cheyenne village. Black Kettle held a white flag, but all 400 men, women, and children were still massacred.
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What was the massacre by Col. Chivington along Cheyenne's land of Sand Creek known as?
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The Sand Creek Massacre
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John Bozeman discovered this path through the Rockies which went straight through the land reserved for Native Americans in the Ft Laramie Treaty.
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Bozeman Trail
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Red Cloud and Crazy Horse were
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chiefs of the Sioux
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Sitting Bull was a
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shaman (medicine man) of the Sioux
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Red Cloud
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was a moderate, willing to negotiate and talk with the US military.
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Crazy Horse
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radical, felt war would resolve matters, not negotation. principle leader of the warriors during this time, one of the most talented and effective military leaders in history.
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1866 Battle of Fort Fill Kearney, Crazy Horse created the tactic of what, that ultimately defeated the US army?
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faint retreat
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A war, the result of settlers again rushing into the Black Hills by a gold finding. Crazy Horse was the commander for the Native Americans.
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The Great Sioux War of 1876
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The Great Sioux War 1876: First stage of the two-pronged attack
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General George Crook as leader was first sent to attack Wyoming, Cheyenne land. Crazy Horse took his army of Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors to meet Crook. This was the BATTLE OF ROSEBUD RIVER. Crook retreated, declaring victory for Crazy Horse.
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The Great Sioux War 1876: Second stage of the two-pronged attack
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General George Armstrong led the 7th Calvary to Dakota. This was the BATTLE OF LITTLE BIGHORN. Complete victory for Crazy Horse.
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The Crows Nest
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The highest peak of the hill beside the Little Bighorn River. Crazy Horse observed Custer coming and decided to use faint retreat once more.
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Sundance
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Sitting bulls conduction, receiving a message from the Great spirit (the sun spirit) that told them they were going to have a great victory.
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Sitting Bull and the Sioux/Cheyenne were forced here after Crazy Horse was eventually defeated by the US Army.
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the Great Sioux Reservation; Pine Ridge Reservation
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Started the ghost dance; a shaman who received messages about it saying if it was performed, the Native lands and Bison would return and they would be impervious from bullets.
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Wolvoka
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Who found Gold in the Sacramento valley in California in 1848, sparking the Gold Rush?
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John Marshall
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What was the first stage of the Gold Rush?
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The finding of Gold in California by John Marshall
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What was the second stage of the Gold Rush?
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Prospectors finding gold at Pikes Peak 1859
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What was the third stage of the Gold rush?
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Comestock Lode 1873 or "The Big Bonanza"; the finding of silver in Nevada
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What was the fourth stage of the Gold rush?
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Discovery of copper at the Anaconda Mines 1882
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What was the fifth and final stage of the Gold rush?
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Gold found in Alaska
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Who was the Mormons leader?
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Brigham Young
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Where did Brigham Young lead the Mormons as a place of safety without prosecution?
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Salt Lake Valley; free to practice their religion. Later established as Salt Lake City in 1882
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A domesticated animal that has escaped to the wild
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feral
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During the Spanish revolution, distinct American cattle developed known as
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the Longhorn
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During the Spanish revolution, distinct American horses developed known as
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the Mustang
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The most popular trail for Cowboys to travel with their herds was known as the
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Chisolm Trail
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Competitions between cowboys, coming from the word "roundup"
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Rodeos
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During the rodeos; To "rope" a cow
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Dalley; known as Dalley competitions
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leather coverings
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chaps
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Lead Cowboys on the cattle drivers
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Drovers
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What were the Union Stock Yards in Chicago?
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slaughter houses for cattle
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Joseph Glidden's invention, meaning the end of the open range
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barbed wire
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What did the big ranchers do?
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THey came in and claimed land, fencing their lands with barbed wire so Cowboys couldn't come into the open range to round up Longhorn for the Chisolm trail. They claimed the best land among the water for the animals.
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What war broke lose between the Cowboys and the ranchers over the open range?
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The Fence Wars
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Artisan economy
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an economy where things are handmade
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The Gilded Age was a time of:
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industrialization, inventions, and Monopoly
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The life of an Artisan
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no bosses, worked their own hours, involved in every phase of production of their items. personal relationship with customers, inexpensive handmade items
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The life of an Artisan post industrialization
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forced artisans into works with factories; had a boss, did not work own hours, only involved in one phase of production, didn't know their customers
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Pros of Artisans:
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handmade and tailored for specific needs of the individual, Artisan leads free life
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Cons of Artisans:
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everyone required to pay more because of industrialization
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Pros of industries:
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cheaper production = more success
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Cons of industries:
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no laws protecting workers, no safety or health benefits, basically sweatshops
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What are the 3 types of market?
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Monopoly, Oligopoly, and Perfectly Competitive
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What is a Monopoly?
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when one firm supplies a market; extremely inefficient, they have extreme control over price as they are the only one supplying the market. They control price and supply, gaining market control.
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What is an Oligopoly?
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a small number of firms supplying a market, sometimes act as a Monopoly, when the Oligopolies form together. Less-efficient.
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What is a Perfectly Competitive market?
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a market in which a LARGE number of firms supplies a market. Supplies do not have control over prices; all prices must be equal. No market control, most mathematical and efficient way to run an economy.
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What is Corporate Capitalism?
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when companies are most normally publicly owned and financed by stock and speculation. Based on what something will be worth in the future, not today, known as the "future value".
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The first transcontinental railroad was built by who, and met where?
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The "Union" in the East and "Central Pacific" in San Francisco; Promontory Point, Utah
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1873 Panic
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an over abundance of people investing in speculated popularity of railroads, a mass of people trying to sell their investments as fast as they could. less demand, lower prices
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Took over the railroad industry; became known as the "railroad monopolist"
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Jason "Jay" Gould
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How else did Jason Gould gain power, aside from railroad investments?
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Land grants; if you built the railroads, you gained the land. With over 200,000 miles of track, he owned over 200,000 miles of land
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The inventor of the telegraph; the telegraph industry
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Samuel Morse
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Western Union
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a monopoly of the telegraph, came under control and ownership of Gould
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A termed "grocery store" where stocks could be bought and sold.
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NYSE: New York Stock Exchange
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An index of the NYSE, indicating the stock and health of major corporations; speculators evaluations of future profits
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Dow Jones Industrial Average
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Has to do with the present value of money and the future value of money, how much a dollar is worth today versus the future.
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the Time Value of Money
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The cost incurred by not taking advantage of the time value of money
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Opportunity Cost
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Monopolist of the steel industry; first to set up a steel factory known as Carnegie Steel
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Andrew Carnegie
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A process by Henry Bessemer which made it practical and efficient to make steel.
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the Bessemer Process
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Developed by Andrew Carnegie; meaning to control and own every phase of production from start to finish.
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Vertical Integration
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The monopolist of the oil industry; opening the company known as Standard Oil
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John D Rockefeller
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Developed by Rockefeller; when one firm takes over or controls other firms in the same market, or industry. Different firms control different phases of production.
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Horizontal Integration
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How did Rockefeller get special prices, soon taking over the oil industry because of it, on transfer of his oil?
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By associating himself with Jason Gould
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What is a "Trust"?
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The appearance that there is many suppliers in production when ultimately there is one in charge. Later named "Holding Companies"
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Not much was known of Rockefeller's unethical practices (working conditions etc) until who published what book, exposing them?
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Ida Tarbell; "The History of the Standard Oil Company"
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The two monopolists of the meat industry, using vertical integration; owned every step of production from slaughter, ships, and sales in the East.
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Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour
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A large role in the food processing industry; he invented ketchup and monopolized condiments. Horizontally integrated business man.
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Henry J. Heinz
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Developed the telephone and was credited for inventing it
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Alexander Grand Bell's American telephone and telegraph company, which became the monopoly for telephones
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AT&T (American telephone and telegraph)
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Credit for inventing the lightbulb, introducing electricity; his company known as General Electric became the monopoly
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Thomas Edison
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