American History Mid Term Exam

Front 1

John Locke

Back 1

Applied reason and logic to government. Stated all people have natural rights and if the government violates these rights, the people have the right to overthrow the government

Front 2

Thomas Jefferson

Back 2

third president who didn't believe in a strong federal government--thought the states should have more rights

Front 3

Anti-Federalists

Back 3

objected the Constitution because they thought it gave the central government too much power at the expense of the states

Front 4

Concurrent Powers

Back 4

powers shared by the state and Federal government (taxes, enforcing laws, etc.)

Front 5

Secession

Back 5

the withdrawing of the South from the Union

Front 6

The Abolitionist Movement

Back 6

the movement to end slavery

Front 7

Radical Reconstruction

Back 7

the south was divided into five districts under Union control. African Americans granted citizenship status and suffrage

Front 8

14th Amendment

Back 8

defines citizenship; guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws"

Front 9

16th Amendment

Back 9

gave Congress the power to collect income tax (Wilson)

Front 10

18th Amendment

Back 10

banned the making, selling, and transporting of alcoholic beverages in the United States

Front 11

push factors of immigration

Back 11

religious persecution & mandatory military service

Front 12

pull factors of immigration

Back 12

work in industry, greater political and religious freedoms, better future for children

Front 13

Samuel Gompers

Back 13

leader of the American Federation of Labor, he ran it like a business.... thought better education would result in less crime

Front 14

The Jungle

Back 14

a novel written by Upton Sinclair which reveals the despair of immigrations working in Chicago's stockyards and the unsanitary conditions in the industry

Front 15

W.E.B. DuBois

Back 15

African American activist that approached the problem radically. Thought African Americans should fight immediately for their rights

Front 16

Theodore Roosevelt

Back 16

Progressivism President. Believed in using military action to benefit the U.S. Square Deal & Big Stick Diplomacy

Front 17

Howard Taft

Back 17

Progressive Republican President following Roosevelt, dollar diplomacy

Front 18

Progressives

Back 18

people who believed they needed to reform the government to reform society-- wanted to give people more control over their government and make the government more effective and efficient at serving its citizens

Front 19

New Freedom

Back 19

President Wilson's program which placed strict government controls on corporations

Front 20

Big Stick Diplomacy

Back 20

depended on a strong military to achieve America's goals

Front 21

Moral Diplomacy

Back 21

America would no longer use the military to get what they wanted, but would work to promote "human rights, national integrity, and opportunity"

Front 22

Imperialism

Back 22

the policy by which strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories

Front 23

Guerrilla Warfare

Back 23

nontraditional warfare generally involving small bands of fighters attacking behind enemy lines

Front 24

The Triple Entente

Back 24

France, Russia, & Great Britain (WWI)

Front 25

Zimmerman Telegram

Back 25

a telegram from Germany to Mexico, promising to help the Mexicans take back U.S. land if they joined their side in the war

Front 26

Treaty of Versailles

Back 26

a treaty created at the end of the war that had many problems (Ireland didn't gain independence, too harsh towards Germany, no self-determination) so the Americans did not pass it

Front 27

Red Scare

Back 27

the fear that communists both inside and outside of the U.S. were working to destroy American life

Front 28

Socialists

Back 28

advocate of major industries being controlled by the government rather than by individual people or companies

Front 29

Natural Rights

Back 29

aspects of life that should be granted to every person, without discrimination

Front 30

Federalists

Back 30

supporters of the constitution and a strong central government

Front 31

Federalism

Back 31

a division of power between the states and the nation

Front 32

Articles of Confederation

Back 32

the first federal constitution-- gave the federal government only limited powers

Front 33

The Election of 1860

Back 33

southerners felt Lincoln would not be adequately account for the needs/wishes of the South

Front 34

main goal of the Union in 1861

Back 34

preserve the union

Front 35

13th Amendment

Back 35

abolished slavery throughout the United States

Front 36

15th Amendment

Back 36

guarantees that the right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of race

Front 37

17th Amendment

Back 37

instituted the direct election of senators

Front 38

19th Amendment

Back 38

gave women the right to vote

Front 39

Gilded Age

Back 39

the 19th century because troubling issues lurked under the prosperity

Front 40

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 40

a court case in which the government upheld segregation as long as states upheld "separate but equal" facilities

Front 41

Rise of labor unions

Back 41

worked for higher wages, safer working conditions, and reasonable working hours-- Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor

Front 42

Booker T. Washington

Back 42

African American rights activist-- thought rights will be gained over time if the African Americans gain respect of the whites and show their worthiness

Front 43

Square Deal

Back 43

Theodore Roosevelt's plan to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor

Front 44

Temperance Movement

Back 44

promoted the practice of abstaining from alcohol

Front 45

Woodrow Wilson

Back 45

Progressive Democratic President-- New Freedom

Front 46

Platt Amendment

Back 46

restricted the rights of newly independent Cubans and effectively brought Cuba within the U.S. sphere

Front 47

Dollar Diplomacy

Back 47

Taft's aim to increase investment in businesses and banks throughout Central America and the Caribbean, rather than use military force to achieve American goals

Front 48

Social Darwinism

Back 48

the view that life consisted of a struggle in which only the fittest survive --> applied Darwin's theory of evolution & principle of natural selection to society

Front 49

Militarism

Back 49

glorification of the military

Front 50

The Triple Alliance

Back 50

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (WWI)

Front 51

League of Nations

Back 51

a world organization established after WWI to promote peaceful cooperation between countries-- ineffective without the U.S.

Front 52

Sedition Act of 1918

Back 52

banned speaking out against the war effort and, therefore, violated freedom of speech

Front 53

Influenza epidemic of 1918

Back 53

flu that broke out and spread all over the world, killing millions, at the end of WWI. Made humans think there was a cloud of doom over the world

Front 54

Anarchists

Back 54

a person that believes laws and a government are unnecessary (accused Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti)

Front 55

Communists

Back 55

a person who believes in a society in which all property is publicly owned and people work and are paid according to their abilities and needs