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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the intention of Stalin and Roosevelt at the Yalta Conference concerning the Satellite States?
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To decide Post War Germany, and Europe. Roosevelt wanted Stalin to give them back so those countries could establish independent governments, but Stalin instead wanted to keep establish communist governments and keep a heavy influence on them.
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What did the "Iron Curtain" divide in Europe?
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It divided Western Europe (democratic) with Eastern Europe (communistic).
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How would the Yalta Conference add to the idea of the "Iron Curtain"?
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Because Roosevelt wanted the Eastern European countries to become independent and preferably democratic, and Stalin did not agree. So the democratic powers heavily influenced Western European countries instead, which divided Europe (ie the Iron Curtain)
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Explain Harry Truman's foreign policy regarding the containment of communism. Also name one event that explains the conflict between US and SU at this time.
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Harry Truman's idea of foreign policy was to contain communism and to resist expansion versus the Soviet idea of expanding it. Also the Marshall plan which gave financial aid to Western European nations in order to rebuild and create a stronger and more stable economy. The Truman Doctrine provided aid to help Greece and Turkey resist Soviet Union's expansion. One event that explains the US and SU conflict is the Korean War. The United Nations (including USA) helped South Korea resist North Korea's (communist) invasion. Communist China helped North Korea. The UN resisted the communistic nation's attempted invasion, and both countries divide at the 38th parallel. (remember that Truman wanted to contain communism and he did)
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Explain Dwight Eisenhower's foreign policy to contain communism. Also name one event that explains the conflict between US and SU at this time.
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Eisenhower's take on communism is that he wants to roll it back (destroy communism) and to build up nuclear weapons and cut down on other military supplies, such as soldiers. He also believed in massive retaliation which is the idea that we attack with full force in regard of an enemy attack. He also used the idea of going to the brink of war in order to preserve peace. an Example of US and SU conflict is the arms race. This was the stock piling of nuclear weapons for both countries. It was the idea that if the Soviet Union had nuclear weapons then the United States needed to have even more. This made it so that both nations had enough nuclear weapons to blow eachother up. During this period other countries began building up on nuclear weapons also.
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Explain JFK's foreign policy about the containment of communism. Also name one event that proved the conflict between the US and SU during this time.
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JFK's idea of containing communism was flexible response, which was inbetween Truman and Eisenhower. It was the idea of picking your battles. It gave the US the capability of responding to aggression and was not limited to nuclear weapons. He also cut down nuclear weapons and increased the military. He used counterinsurgency against communism which was the idea of getting rid of it. Kennedy also increased the use of special forces. An example of the US and SU conflict was the Bay of Pigs which was the failed attempt to overthrow Cuban dictator (communism) Fidel Castro. It was started by Eisenhower, and was the idea for the CIA to train Cuban exiles to overthrough Castro. It was unsuccesful and the Cuban Army easily defeated the Cuban exiles who were left out to dry. Kennedy was heavily criticized for the failed attempt.
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What is McCarthyism?
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The fear, suspicion, and scapegoating (singling out someone) from the accusations of McCarthy.
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How was McCarthy able to become so powerful?
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Because everyone in American society was paranoid because of the threat of communism, and they would do anything they could to get rid of it.
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Why did Americans allow McCarthy to continue running a muck?
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Everyone feared that he would accuse them of having relations with communism if they confronted him.
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What event brought McCarthy down?
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The Army-McCarthy hearings of 1954. It was highly publicized in the media and McCarthy appeared to be drunk. McCarthy's popularity faded and the senate voted to condemn him (he had no say in any decisions)
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How was the Korean War a test in Truman's policy of containment?
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Because Truman wanted to stop communism from spreading, and North Korea invaded South Korea and with the support of the UN, the US defeated and stopped North Korea (aided by China) from expanding communism, and therefore he contained it. The war ended as a "stalemate"
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What was two things that Truman did to increase US involvement in Vietnam?
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Truman supported Frace with money and supplies during the 1st Indochina War, which Vietnam successfully gained there independence. He also saw Vietnam as an extension of the Cold War.
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What was two things that Eisenhower did to increase US involvement in Vietnam?
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Eisenhower underestimated Vietnam, but gave France supplies and money, but France eventually lost. He also supported Diem because he wasn't communist and was educated in France and catholic. Diem often favored catholic's over the large Bhudist population. He was eventuall taken from office and was killed.
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What was two things that Kennedy did to increase US involvement in Vietnam?
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Kennedy supported the domino theory (where if one communist country falls, then others will shortly.) He increased Us advisors and Special Forces in Vietnam, but they were not suppose to take part in combat. He also felt the need to support Diem, but eventually decided to overthrow him, but instead Vietnamese remove him from office and killed him.
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What was two things that Johnson did to increase US involvement in Vietnam?
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Johnson believed that the US cannot seem soft to communism and believed that the only way to win is by military involvement. He lied saying that Vietcong's attacked US at the Tonkin Gulf and so Congress granted him the approval to send troops to Vietnam with no limits.
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What were the 3 countries that controlled Vietnam prior to the 1970's
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China, France, Japan
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What was Vietnam's response to foreign control?
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They had a long history of other countries ruling them, they wanted independence, so they would do whatever they could to get it.
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What is Vietnamization
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Literally Peace with honor.
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How was Vietnamization suppose to bring to US peace with honor?
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The US could pull out of Vietnam and turn the fight over to South Vietnam and hoping that they could fend for themselves and to create a stable democratic government after we left.
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How does Vietnamization conflict with Nixon's bombing of Cambodia and Laos?
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Instead of taking troops out of Vietnam, he expanded the war by having troops go into Cambodia and Laos. He also began bombing those countries ultimately to disturb the trade routes that went through those countries.
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What is body count?
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When after each battle the dead bodies would be counted to see who was winning.
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What was search and destroy?
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When the United States would go out for a certain period of time in patrols looking for Vietcong.
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What kind of perception did the ground strategy (body count and search and destroy) give the US soldiers on the ground?
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It made them think that they were winning the war.
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When was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution passed?
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It was passed on August of 1964.
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Why did Johnson feel our military presence was necessary in Vietnam?
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He felt that military was the only way to win. He also did not want the US to seem soft so communism wouldn't win.
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What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allow the president to do with our military?
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It gave him the ability to send troops (by Congress) and to take all necissary measures to repel any armed attack against the US.
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Give details about the Tet Offensive.
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Tet was the New Year in Vietnam and in the past there was no fighting during this period. Instead the Vietcong suprise attacked military bases and over 100 cities throughout South Vietnam. 45000 Vietcong's died. Vietcong hoped that South Vietnamese people would rise against the US but instead the public support never happened.
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What were some of the details of the Paris Peace Accords?
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It was in January of 1973. THe United states agreed to help rebuild Vietnam, withdraw troops, and release POW's. There was nothing though about the governments and whether South Vietnam would be communism or vice-versa.
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When did the US eventually leave Vietnam?
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1975 the last troops left. Vietcong flood into Saigon (South Vietnam capital) with little resistance and take over the city. The South Vietnam president sent a message of unconditional surrender, and the war is over with communists taking over.
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Why do many of the Americans who lived hrough the 1960's believe that 1968 was the year their generation lost their dreams and hopes for a better future?
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Because there was a major decrease in war support, the civil rights movement, and Rob Kennedy who many though was going to become the next president was assassinated. So was MLK. Rob Kennedy opposed the war and urged many blacks and latino to vote for him. (know why it was divided, ie election, civil rights movement, draft dodgers, lessened war support, protesting, Hubert Humphrey vs Nixon
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What happens to the Soviet Union?
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It collapsed and gave the satellite states their independence.
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What roles did Reagan play in the collapse of the Soviet Union?
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He tried to outspend the Soviet Union (remember SDI, increase in nuclear weapons), Used dramatic speeches, closed trade w/ Soviet Union, and Reagan Doc (supplied aid to anti-communist nations).
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What roles did Gorbachev play in the collapse of the Soviet Union?
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Gave more freedom (ie travel, media, expression), multi-candidate elections (remember multi-candidate not party), reformation of the economy (it was a command) and end political corruption, but all this was a little to late
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What are some of the most important lessons America has learned following the Vietnam War
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....
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