Unit 4 - Civil War

Front 1

Missouri Compromise

Back 1

Missouri became a slave state -- because the South threatened to secede. Maine became a free state -- in exchange for the North’s compromise on Missouri. Slavery was outlawed in the North -- including new states in the future (36 30’ parallel)

Front 2

Compromise of 1850

Back 2

California became a free state. New Mexico and Utah territories allow slavery. Washington DC stops slave sales. Fugitive Slave Law passed. Slaves who escaped to the North could be captured and returned to their masters.

Front 3

Dred Scott Court Case

Back 3

African Americans are not citizens. Scott will stay a slave -- going to a free state does not make anyone free. Government cannot ban slavery -- the Missouri Compromise was overturned.

Front 4

The Emancipation Proclamation

Back 4

The purpose of this document was to free the slaves and outlaw slavery. Lincoln declared that this document would be enforced through naval and military power. Lincoln wrote this document to create a personal reason for people to fight.

Front 5

Battle -- Fort Sumter - 1861

Back 5

The Civil War started in South Carolina. South Carolina was the first state to secede (leave) the U.S. The South fired on this military fort (governed by North). The North/Union surrenders to South/Confederacy.

Front 6

Battle -- Bull Run - 1861

Back 6

First big battle. North marches into Virginia with plans to cut off railroad and then move on to Richmond (capital of Confederacy). Southern victory sends shock waves. Southern generals much better than North/Union generals in the beginning of the war.

Front 7

Battle -- Antietam - 1862

Back 7

North/Union wins slim victory. Robert E. Lee retreats. Bloodiest single day in United States History with 22,000 dead. Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation. Improvement in rifle/bullet technology increases casualties and the brutality of war.

Front 8

Battle -- Gettysburg - 1863

Back 8

Greatest battle ever fought in the Western Hemisphere. This battle was the turning point in Civil War. It was a three day battle with some of the most intense fighting of the Civil War with 47,000 casualties. Afterward, Lincoln issues Gettysburg Address.

Front 9

Sherman's March to the Sea - 1864

Back 9

Series of victories for the North and introduction of “total war”, an effort to break the spirit of the South. This military movement cut-off supplies and burned many of the major cities in the South to the ground.

Front 10

Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse - 1865

Back 10

Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant. Civil War ends with 620,000 casualties. December 1865, 13th Amendment (Outlawing Slavery) passes.

Front 11

Features of the North

Back 11

Advantages

22 million people

90% Factories

Double railroad mileage

Naval Power

Abraham Lincoln

Weakness

Bad Military Leadership

Front 12

Features of the South

Back 12

Advantages

Good Military Leadership (Robert E. Lee)

Home field advantage

Weakness

9 million people (3.5 million slaves)

Agriculture based cash crops (not food)

Few factories

Poor transportation

Front 13

The Anaconda Plan

Back 13

Step 1: Surround the South by the sea to cut off trade

Step 2: Divide the Confederacy in sections so that one region could not help another

Step 3: Capture Richmond, VA (capital of the Confederacy

Front 14

Abraham Lincoln

Back 14

President from 1861-1865. He is best known for preserving the Union during the Civil War. He is credited with freeing the slaves. In truth, Lincoln’s beliefs about slavery were mixed. Lincoln had a strong belief in personal freedom & spoke of the “monstrous injustice of slavery" but while campaigning to be president, he did not adopt an abolitionist policy.

Front 15

Confederate States

Back 15

Florida, Georgia, South Carolina,

North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama,

Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas

Front 16

Border States

Back 16

Delaware

Maryland

Kentucky

Missouri

West Virginia

Front 17

Union States

Back 17

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, California, Oregon