American Cultures Final

Front 1

List the five main wars in chronological order.

Back 1

The Spanish American War, World War I, World War II, The Korean War, The Vietnam War.

Front 2

Describe the foreign policy of Richard Nixon/Gerald Ford (1968-1974)

Back 2

"Detente": tried not to win the war, but to control it

Front 3

Describe the foreign policy of Jimmy Carter (1976-1980)

Back 3

Complicated relationship with Soviets because their practices violated human rights

Front 4

Describe the foreign policy of Ronald Reagan (1980-1988)

Back 4

Aggressive strategy towards communism during first term, however in second term when Gorbachev took over relations became diplomatic (almost friendly)

Front 5

Describe the foreign policy of George Bush (1988-1992)

Back 5

Bush simply continued Reagan's peaceful ideas, the cold war then ends

Front 6

Which Russian leader criticized Stalin and was late replaced by Brezhnev?

Back 6

Krushchev

Front 7

Who is the father of containment?

Back 7

George F. Kennan

Front 8

How did Reagan help end the Cold War/the U.S.S.R.?

Back 8

Reagan spent loads of money on American military. When the USSR tried to keep up, they failed and lost power + control

Front 9

What foreign policy is John Foster Dulles, vice president under Eisenhower, associated with?

Back 9

Massive Retaliation + Brinkmanship

(against containment)

Front 10

Describe the foreign policy of Harry Truman (1945-1953)

Back 10

Containment

Front 11

Describe the foreign policy of Dwight

D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)

Back 11

Brinkmanship, massive retaliation, "cold war thaw", peaceful coexistence

Front 12

Describe the foreign policy of John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)

Back 12

Hard line, maximum toughness

Front 13

What major event caused Jimmy Carter to lose support?

Back 13

Iranian Hostage Crisis. The US failed miserably trying to rescue 52 Americans being held in Iran.

Front 14

What are three techniques student protesters used to voice their opinions?

Back 14

The teach-in movement, draft resistance, violence

Front 15

How was the presidency, the morale of troops, and the American public affected by student protests of the Vietnam war?

Back 15

Support for Johnson's handling of the war decrease. Troops begin to question the war and morale declines. American public started looking for a way out of the war.

Front 16

What event sent the US into the Vietnam War?

Back 16

The Gulf of Tonkin incident: an attack on US navy vessels

Front 17

Describe the events of the Vietnam War.

Back 17

A civil war breaks out between the North (communist) and South (non-communist). The US feared the spread of communism so we sent troops to South Vietnam.

Front 18

What is the importance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution of 1964?

Back 18

It gave Johnson the authorization, without a formal declaration of war, to us military force in Southeast Asia.

Front 19

Who were the Vietcong?

Back 19

Farmers by day, guerrillas by night. Very patient North Vietnamese who were willing to accept many casualties.

Front 20

How did the US make the Vietnam War a "high-tech war"?

Back 20

Saturation bombing, chemical defoliant, napalm, rocket launchers and grenades

Front 21

What was the Tet Offensive?

Back 21

A major turning point in the war. Vietcong suffers great losses. US realizes war is hopeless and protests begin.

Front 22

What were the results of the Tet Offensive?

Back 22

Troops are withdrawn from south Vietnam, and the Civil War is declared over.

Front 23

What was the Loyalty Review Program?

Back 23

Background checks on government employees. 1,500 people lost their jobs.

Front 24

What was the House Un-American Activities Committee?

Back 24

Looked into radical activities of prominent Americans (actors, political leaders, etc.)

Front 25

Name three events that occurred from 1948-1950 that contributed to the second Red Scare of America.

Back 25

1948: Berlin Blockade

1949: Soviets test their own A-bomb

1950: China falls to communism

Front 26

What is containment?

Back 26

Cold War policy of the United States designed to prevent communism from expanding beyond its current boundaries

Front 27

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Back 27

Aimed to put down communist rebellion in Greece and Turkey by giving money to the countries.

Front 28

What was the Marshall Plan?

Back 28

Also known as the European Recovery Plan. Restored war-torn nations to prevent communism from taking over western Europe.

Front 29

What was the Berlin Airlift?

Back 29

Provided 200,00 flights of supplies to people trapped in western Berlin.

Front 30

What was N.A.T.O.?

Back 30

North Atlantic Treaty Organization: 1.5 billion dollar mutual defense alliance to protect against communism in Northern + Western Europe. Each nation contributes troops to prepare for a communist invasion.

Front 31

Summarize the Korean War.

Back 31

North Korea attacks South Korea in 1950, troops are sent in. Weeks later, fighting starts, and Americans + allies are pushed back to the Pusan Peninsula. Allied forces then attacked at Inchon which cut off supply lines and recaptured Seoul. Then, Chinese forces attacked, eventually pushing allies back down the peninsula. Allied forces slowly begin to make their way up the peninsula and an armistice is signed in 1953.