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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is adrenaline? |
A naturally occurring alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant |
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What are adrenaline's Beta 1 actions? |
Beta 1 increases - SA node firing rate - AV conduction velocity - Irritability of ventricles - Myocardial contractility |
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What are adrenaline's Beta 2 actions? |
Bronchodation |
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What are adrenaline's Alpha actions? |
Peripheral vasoconstriction |
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Contraindications for adrenaline? |
Hypovolemic shock without adequate fluid replacement |
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What are the precautions for adrenaline? |
Cardiovascular disease Higher dose maybe required for beta blocked patients Elderly/frail Monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
C.H.E.M |
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What are the side effects of adrenaline? |
Sinus tachycardia Supraventricular arrhythmia Ventriclar arrhythmia Increased BP Increased pupil dilalation Increased size of MI Feeling of anxiety/palpitations |
3 rhythms 3 increases and one with feeling! |
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What is Aspirin? |
An analgesic, antipyretic, anti inflammatory and antiplatelet agitation agent |
4 A's |
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What are the contraindications for Aspirin? |
Chest pain associated with psychostimulant OD with BP>160 Hypersensitivity to Aspirin/salicylates Active bleeding peptic ulcers Bleeding disorders Suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm |
C.H.A.B.S |
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What are the precautions for Aspirin? |
Pts on anticoagulants Asthma (current) Peptic ulcers |
P.E.P |
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What are the side effects of Aspirin? |
Heart burn/Nausea/GI bleed Increased bleed time Hypersensitive reactions |
Hi, H |
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What is ceftriaxone? |
Cephalosporin antibiotic (broad spectrum)
Used in the treatment for ?) meningococcal and severe sepsis |
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What are the contraindications for ceftriaxone? |
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics |
Only 1 |
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What are the precautions for ceftriaxone? |
Allergic to penicillin |
Lots of elderly are allergic to this... |
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BONUS QUESTION!!
What are the different doses of ceftriaxone for adults and paediatrics? |
1g for adults 50mg/kg paeds |
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What is dexamethasone? |
A corticosteroid that relieves inflammatory actions and is also an immunosuppessent |
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What are the contraindications for dexamethasone? |
Known Hypersensitivity |
Only one... |
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What are the precautions for dexamethasone? |
If the solution is soiled or discoloured = discard it... |
Look at the pretty colours... |
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True or false? Generally, will you see the effects of dexamethasone? |
False, on set is 30-60 mins. This medication is used for long term care of the patient |
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What is Dextrose 10%? |
A slightly hypertonic crystalloid solution. Used in the hypoglycaemic Pt that CAN NOT administer oral glucose WITH IV access. |
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What are the contraindications for dextrose 10%? |
NIL. |
It's sugar... |
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What are the precautions for dextrose 10%? |
NIL. |
Seriously it's sugar... |
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What are the side effects of dextrose 10%? |
NIL. |
IT IS SUGAR!!! |
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BONUS QUESTION: What must be done when administering dextrose 10%? And why? |
Flush with 10mL saline before and after admin to minimise chances of necrosis of tissues. |
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What is Fentanyl? |
Synthetic opioid |
Not just fun... alternative to morphine |
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What are the contraindications for Fentanyl? |
Known Hypersensitivity Late 2nd stage labour |
Only 2 |
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What are the precautions of Fentanyl? |
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Addiction to opioids Depression of Respiration Current asthma Hepatic impairment Elderly/Frail Rhinitis, rhinorrhea or facial trauma |
M.A.D C.H.E.R |
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What are the side effects of Fentanyl? |
Bradycardia Apnoea Rigidity of diaphragm and intercostals Respiratory depression |
B.A.R.R |
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What is Glucagon? |
Naturally occurring peptide hormone in the body that is secreted by the pancreas that causes lipolysis and the conversation of glycogen to glucose in the liver. |
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What are the contraindications of Glucagon? |
NIL. |
It's a hormone that naturally occurs in the body. |
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What are the precautions of Glucagon? |
NIL. |
It is a naturally occurring hormone in the body |
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What are the side effects of Glucagon? |
Nausea/Vomiting (rare) |
G.I side effects when you get really hungry |
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BONUS QUESTION: Why won't Glucagon always work in hypoglycaemia? |
If Pt has no glycogen stored, or it has been used up there us nothing for the Glucagon to work on. |
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BONUS QUESTION: When is Glucagon used? |
Hypoglycaemia where Pt can not self admin glucose and unable to gain IV access Anaphylaxis where adrenaline is ineffective with Pt remaining hypotensive due to heart failure/Pt on Beta Blockers |
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What is Glyceryl Trinitrate? |
Smooth muscle relaxant causing: - Vasodilation which encourages venous pooling reducing preload - Atrial dilation reducing vascular resistance and arterial pressure |
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What is the effect of GTN? |
Decreases myocardial oxygen demand.
Decreases systolic, diastolic & MAP whilst maintaining coronary perfusion. Mild coronary artery dilation MAY improve blood flow to ischaemic areas Uterine quiescence in pregnancy |
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What are the contraindications for Glyceryl Trinitrate? |
BP <110 tablet, <90 Patch HR >150, <50 excluding autonomic dysreflexia VT, R) myocardial infarction, inferior STEMI with BP<160 Known Hypersensitivity Viagra/Lavitra 1/7 or cialis 4/7 |
2x BPs 2x HRs 3x rhythms 2x Other |
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What are the precautions of GTN? |
Previous administration? Elderly/Frail Recent MI Concurrent tocolytics |
P.E.R.C |
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What are the side effects of GTN? |
Tachycardia Hypotension Headache Skin flushing Bradycardia |
Think about the effects of GTN... (There are 5) |
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What is Heparin? |
Anticoagulant, inactivates thrombin by binding to antithrombin III |
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What are the contraindications for heparin? |
Bleeding disorders Active bleeding excl. menstruation Recent surgery/trauma <3/52 Known Hypersensitivity/allergy Severe Hepatic impairment/disease, including oesophageal varices Heprin Induced Thrombocytopaenia Oral anticoagulants |
B.A.R.K.S. H.O. |
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What are the precautions for Heprin? |
Renal impairment |
Only one, think number one... |
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What are the side effects of Heprin? |
Bleeding Injection site pain/bruising Thrombocytopenia Hypercalcaemia |
B.I.T.H |
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What is Ipratropium Bromide? |
Anticholinergic bronchodilator - blocks vagal response mediating bronchoconstriction |
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What are the contraindications of Ipratropium Bromide? |
Known Hypersensitivity to Atropine/derivatives |
Only one |
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What are the precautions of Ipratropium Bromide? |
Avoid contact with eyes Glaucoma |
Think side effects... |
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What are the side effects of Ipratropium Bromide |
Head aches Acute angle glaucoma (rare) Dry mouth Nausea Tachycardia (rare) Palpitations (rare) Rash |
Head to toe (7 points) |
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What is Ketamine? |
Anaesthetic agent with analgesic effect at lower doses |
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What are the contraindications for Ketamine? |
Suspected non traumatic brain injury with BP >180 |
Only 1 |
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What are the precautions for Ketamine? |
May exacerbated cardiac conditions due to effect on HR & BP |
Only 1 |
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What are the side effects for Ketamine? |
CV: tachycardia & hypertension CNS: emergence reactions (euphoria etc.), increased skeletal tone (looks like seizures) Resp: transient Resp depression & apnoea (rare) GI: Nausea and Vomiting Other: pain @ injection site, lacrimation, hypersalivation, diplopia, nystagmus |
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BONUS QUESTION: True or False, can you use Ketamine on pregnant Pts? |
Ketamine is considered safe for pregnant Pts and only requires monitoring for breastfeeding Pt |
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What is Methoxyflurane? |
Inhalation analgesic agent in low concentrations |
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What are the contraindications for Methoxyflurane? |
Concurrent use of tetracycline antibiotics Exceeding 6ml in 24hrs Muscular dystrophy Pre-existing renal disease/impairment Personal/family history of malignant hyperthermia |
C.E.M.P.P |
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What are the precautions for Methoxyflurane? |
Penthrox inhailer must be held by the Pt Pre-eclampsia Concurrent oxytocin may cause hypotension |
P.P.C. |
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What are the side effects for Methoxyflurane? |
Bradycardia and hypotension Exceeding 6mL in 24hrs may cause renal toxicity Drowsiness |
B.E.D |
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What is Midazolam? |
Short acting CNS depressant (benzodiazepine) |
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What are the contraindications for Midazolam? |
Known Hypersensitivity to benzodiazapines |
Only 1 |
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What are the precautions for Midazolam? |
Reduced dose for Pts: - renal failure - Elderly/frail - CCF - Shock CNS depressant effects are increased when mixed with narcotics, tranquillisers including alcohol Can cause severe resp depression in COPD Pts Pts with myasthenia gravis (muscular weakness due to breakdown of nerves and muscles) |
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What are the side effects of Midazolam? |
CNS Depression RESP Depression Hypotension Loss of airway control |
2x Depressions leads to loss, H |
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What is Morphine? |
Opioid analgesia |
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What are the contraindications for morphine? |
Renal impairment/failure Known Hypersensitivity Late 2nd stage labour |
Fentanyl plus 1 |
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What are the precautions for morphine? |
Hypotension Elderly/frail Respiratory depression Current asthma Respiratory tract burns Alcoholism Pts on Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Known addiction |
H.E.R C.R.A.P |
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What are the side effects of Morphine? |
Drowsiness Respiratory depression
Hypotension Bradycardia Nausea/Vomiting Addiction Pin point pupils Euphoria |
D.R. H.B N.A.P.E |
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What is Naloxone? |
Opioid antagonist |
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What are the contraindications for Naloxone? |
NIL. |
Pts will claim this but it's not true |
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What are the precautions for Naloxone? |
Pts that are addicted can be combative Neonates |
Long term and short-term users |
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What are the side effects of Naloxone? |
Convulsions Nausea/Vomiting Agitation Dilation of pupils with lacrimation (teary) Sweating, goose flesh, tremor |
C-N.A.D.S |
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What is Olanzapine? |
Atypical antipsychotic used for mild agitation |
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What are the contraindications for Olanzapine? |
NIL |
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What are the precautions for Olanzapine? |
Alcohol and other narcotics on board will result in Olanzapine being not as effective. (Midaz front-line) Elderly/frail are more susceptible to adverse effects |
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What are the side effects of Midazolam? |
CNS: sedation and dizziness Other: extrapyramidal symptoms and QT prolongation |
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What is Ondansatron? |
Anti-emetic |
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What are the contraindications for Ondansatron? |
Concurrent apomorphine use (parkinsons) Hyperkalaemia/hypomagnesia Long QT syndrome Hypersensitivity |
C.H L.H |
