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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the five great European powers at this time.
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Great Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary
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What did these five great European powers control? (3)
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These powerful nations controlled most of the world's industry and trade and competed with one another for continuing prosperity.
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List the four forces that would inevitably lead to the Great War.
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Forces of nationalism, militarism, and imperialism, as well as the existence of a system of alliances.
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Explain why colonies were important to the European nations.
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Colonies were important to European nations because they supplied them with raw materials for their factories, markets for they manufactured goods, and opportunities for investment.
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Explain the alliances that existed among the European nations.
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Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungry had banded together as the Triple Alliance. Britain, France, and Russia had formed Triple Entente. If one nation came under enemy attack the other members of the alliance agreed to come to the aid of the besieged country.
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Who was Gravrilo Princip? What did he do? Who was he associated with?
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Gravrilo Princip was a nineteen year old Serbian revolutionary, who fired two shots on the streets of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. One shot killed the nephew of the Emperor, and the other the archduke's wife, Sophie. These murders had been plotted by a Serbian revolutionary group known as the Black Hand, a secret society that worked for the cause of Serbian nationalism. Their goal was to free Bosnia from Austro-Hungarion rule.
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What did Austria Hungary do to Serbia before declaring war?
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the Austro-Hungarians sent the Serbians a series of demands designed to humiliate them. Serbia agreed to most of these demands and offered to have the rest settled by an international conference. Austria-Hungry rejected the Serbian offer and declared war on July28.
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What made Austria Hungary think that this war with Serbia would be short and easy? What changed their minds?
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Austria Hungry had received support and help from Germany and expected a quick victory with two big and well trained army. This thought process quickly changed when Austria Hungary heard that Russia was teaming up with Serbia and planned for France to do the same.
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What were the two opposing sides in the Great War known as? Who made up each group?
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The opposing sides in the Great War were known as the Central Powers and the Allies. The Central Powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgarie. The major powers known as the Allies were Great Britian, France, and Russia. Japan, Italy , Greece, and the U.S. eventually joined them.
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Who served as additional man power to the Allies?
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The British Empire and the the colonies of the other Allied countries served as additional man power.
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Why were the Germans forced to fight a front war?
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Because Russia had showed unexpected strength, the Germans were forced to fight a two-front war until 1917.
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Describe the trenches that the Allies and Central Power dug.
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The allies and central powers had dug themselves into a system of continueous trenches that zigzagged along a four hundred mile front stretching from the English Channel to the Swiss border. Most of the front line trenches were six to eight feet deep and wide enough for two men to pass through. Barbed wire was used to protect the front line trenches from suprise attacks.
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What new machine/weapons came in during this time?
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The Germans were the first to use poison gas over Allied lines. The allies then began to use poison gas. Gas propelled machine guns and tanks also played a role in fighting.
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What was the result of the Ottoman Empire joining the central powers?
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When the Ottoman Empire entered the war with the Central Powers they closed the supply route for the Western Allies to Russia though the Mediterranean and Black seas. This left the Russian troops struggling without supplies of guns and ammunition from France and Britain.
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By mid 1915 what was Germany and Austria Hungary able to accomplish?
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The Germans and Austro ungarians had succeeded in pushing the Russians out of Poland and away from the borders of the Central Powers removing any threat of a Russian invasion of Germany or Austria Hungary.
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What were the events that drug the U.S. into war?
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Sinking of the Lusitania
Zimmermann Note Germany breaking their promise |
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What was the Zimmerman note?
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The Zimmermann note was found intercepted by the Britain and showed to the US. The Zimmermann note was from the German foreign secretary to the German minister in Mexico City. This note proposed a German-Mexican Alliance saying if the US was to enter the war Mexico would enter with Germany. If Mexico did this Germany promised them the gift of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona to Mexico.
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What promise did Germany make with the U.S.? Why was this promise necessary? Did Germany keep this promise?
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Germany was hoping to break Britians naval blockade by sinking every single ship on the oceans. On May 7 1915 a German submarines.
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Explain what the selective service act was.
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The Selective Service Act required all American men ages twenty one to thirty register for military serve, and a lottery determined who served by random.
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Why did the US enter the war unprepared?
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The United States entered the war unprepared for battle because strong antiwar feeling had hampered American efforts to prepare.
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How did the citizens/government of America help with the financial part of the war?
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Liberty Bond drives were help by the US treasury department to help finance the war. The Liberty Bonds brought in nearly seventeen billion dollars. Beard Baruch led the effort to convert American factories to wartime productions.
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What did the citizens of the US did to help the men overseas?
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The Food Administrator controlled the production, distribution, and price of food. American observed wheatless, meatless, and sugarless days and planted victory gardens on order to be able to send food to Europe.
Women knitted socks for the soldiers, and searched for jobs left open from the men who joined the military. Children saved thousands of peach pits for use in gas mask. |
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How did American patriotism grow during this time? Explain.
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As anti-German sentiment grew American patriotism rose to a fever pitch. This loyalty and support for the war effort was summed up in songs. Service flags were hung in American windows and over porches with a blue star for each family member serving and a gold star for a family member killed in action.
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What marked the turning point of World War I?
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The second battle of the marne marked the turning point of World War I. After winning this battle the Allies were able to advance steadily against the Germans during the early fall of 1918.
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Did the Britain's naval blockade work? Explain.
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The british naval blockade had succeed in nearly starving the German people, and both Turkey and Austria-Hungary had asked the Allies for an armistice.
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What were the terms of the Allied armistic terms?
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Leave territory
give up arms accept Allied occupation |
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How much did the war cost? Where did the money come from?
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The Great War cost about 186 billion dollars. Most of the money came from loans, resulting in huge debts for the nations at war.
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What was the property damaged resulting from the war?
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Property damage was the greatest in Belgium and France. Trenches, chemicals, and artillery shells had made the land barren all along the western front. Governments had borrowed money from private citizens by selling war bonds and the Allies had also borrowed heavily from the United States. Most governments had also printed extra paper money which caused severe postwar inflamation.
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How did the Allies try to raise money after war? Did this help why or why not?
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Allies tried to raise money by demading repairs from the Central Powers. This worsened the economic problem.
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How did WWI change the map of Europe?
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Four monarchies were toppled - Russia, Germany Austria Hungary, and the Turkish Ottoman Empire. Austria Hungary was carved up to form Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia as well as Poland, Romania, Italy, and Yugoslavia.
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Explain Wilson's Fourteen Points.
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Wilson believed that this plan would bring about a peace settlent, a peace without victory. When Wilson arrived in Europe he was praised. Representitives came for 32 nations. Wilson's Fourteen Points were ignored.
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Who made up the Big Four?
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Wilson, David Lloyd George, George Clemenceau, and Vittorio
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What were the terms of the treaty at Versailles?
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It stripped Germany and her allies of territory and arms and required them to pay heavy reparations. A section of the treaty also blamed WWI entirely on the Central Powers. The treaty was presented to Germany and they agreed only after they were threatened invasions.
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Why were many Americans not in favor of the League of Nations?
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Many americans were not ready for this involvement in the League of Nations. They feared that the league of nations would just entangle the country in future european disputes.
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