Wwi American Studies 9

Front 1

Nationalism

Back 1

a belief that a specific nation language, or culture is superior.

Front 2

Militarism

Back 2

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capacity.

Front 3

Balance of Power

Back 3

a situation in which the strength of tribal alliance is nearly equal.

Front 4

Triple Alliance

Back 4

when Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed an alliance.

Front 5

Triple Entente

Back 5

when Britain, France, and Russia formed and alliance.

Front 6

Franz Ferdinand

Back 6

Arch Duke to the throne of Austria-Hungary while visiting Bosnia and Herzegovina he and his wife were shot.

Front 7

Nicholas II

Back 7

Russian Czar who hesitated to mobilize his troops.

Front 8

Mobilize

Back 8

to move troops and order to be active in war.

Front 9

Central Powers

Back 9

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and The Ottoman Empire.

Front 10

Allied powers

Back 10

Britain, France, and Russia. Italy was also a member during WWI.

Front 11

Wilhelm II

Back 11

the ruler of Germany. He also thought the war would be short.

Front 12

Schlieffen Plan

Back 12

German plan to attack fast on Belgium and then France.

Front 13

First Battle of the Marne

Back 13

an attack against France by Germans but a counterattack forced the Germans to retreat.

Front 14

Western Front

Back 14

the area where France and Germany's conflicts occurred.

Front 15

Trench Warfare

Back 15

a fighting technique where armies fought in deep trenches to defend positions.

Front 16

No-man's Land

Back 16

the area between opposing trenches.

Front 17

U-boat

Back 17

Germany's area between opposing trenches, short for unterseeboat.

Front 18

Stalemate

Back 18

a situation where neither side can win a clear victory.

Front 19

Neutrality

Back 19

not fighting or allying with either side.

Front 20

Lusitania

Back 20

a British ship that was sunken by a German U-boats of the coast of Ireland and killed passengers some of which Americans.

Front 21

Sussex pledge

Back 21

pledge stating that Germans will not sink vessels without warning and without saving human lives.

Front 22

"Peace without victory"

Back 22

Wilson wanted the Allies to declare peace without either side winning.

Front 23

Author Zimmerman

Back 23

German foreign secretary who proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany against the US.

Front 24

Zimmerman Note

Back 24

a letter to Mexico offering to help give them New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas if they ally with Germany.

Front 25

Committee on Public Information

Back 25

created by Wilson to raise public support for war effort.

Front 26

George Creel

Back 26

head of CPI (Committee on Public Information), used rallies, parades, posters,and pamphlets to premote war effort. Even recruited movie starts to entertain troops.

Front 27

Espionage Act of 1917

Back 27

punished people for aiding the enemy and refusing military duty.

Front 28

Sedition Act of 1918

Back 28

made it illegal for Americans to speak disloyally of the US government.

Front 29

Selective Service Act

Back 29

required men from 21-30 to enlist in army.

Front 30

Liberty Bonds

Back 30

money from sale of bonds provided loans to the Allies allowing them to buy food and war supplies.

Front 31

War Industries Board

Back 31

set oversea production of distribution goods made by countries' war industries.

Front 32

Bernard Baruch

Back 32

head of WIB (War Industries Board) said NO steel, copper, cement, rubber, or basic materials can be used without our approval.

Front 33

National War Labor Board

Back 33

created in April 1918 settled disputes between workers and management, to prevent riots and strikes.

Front 34

American Expeditionary Force

Back 34

a large force of volunteers and drafts as well as solders from the regular army and the national guard. used tench warfare.

Front 35

Bolshevik Revolution

Back 35

in November 1917, Bolsheviks took control of the Russian government.

Front 36

Communists

Back 36

seek equal distribution of wealth and to end all forms of private property.

Front 37

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Back 37

signed in March 1918 a peace agreement between Russia and Central Powers.

Front 38

Battle at the Somme River

Back 38

Germans attacked March 21 in France, 2 days later they bombarded France 75 miles away, Germany lost 250,000 troops, April 9th second offensive (near Belgium) British stopped Germans after 20 days of combat there was 110,000 casualties.

Front 39

Battle at Chateau-Thierry

Back 39

2 divisions of the AEF (American Expeditionary Force) and French Army stropped German advance on the town of Chateau-Thierry 50 miles within Paris.

Front 40

Battle at Belleau Wood

Back 40

2 divisions of the AEF (American Expeditionary Force) and French Army gradually push back German troops in Belleau Wood

Front 41

Second Battle of the Marne

Back 41

July 1918 1 million US troops, and the military of France. In Mid July Germans make a last desperate offence and both sides suffer heavy casualties, Germans fail and can't't attack again.

Front 42

Armistice

Back 42

the truce that ended the fighting between the Allies and the Central Powers during WWI on November 8 1918.

Front 43

Wilson's Fourteen Points

Back 43

Wilson's plan to avoid future wars that involved 14 basic ideas.

Front 44

Self-Determination

Back 44

the right of people to decide their own political status.

Front 45

League of Nations

Back 45

a congress of nations formed to settle international disputes and maintain peace and collective seciritsy

Front 46

Paris Peace Conference

Back 46

a peace conference on December 13 1918 between Wilson, George, Clemenceau, and Lodge.

Front 47

Woodrow Wilson

Back 47

US president who wanted peace and democracy as in the 14 points.

Front 48

David Lloyd George

Back 48

British prime minister who wanted to keep British empire together and protect its interests.

Front 49

Georges Clemenceau

Back 49

French premier who wanted to hurt Germany so basely it could never harm France again.

Front 50

Reparations

Back 50

payment for damages and expenses caused by the war.

Front 51

Treaty of Versailles

Back 51

final peace settlement of WWI that included some self-determination, restored Poland and created Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania became free. Central Powers were to surrender colonies to the Allies.

Front 52

Henry Cabot Lodge

Back 52

A US Republican Senate who lead a group of 39 Senators like himself and opposed the League of Nations, which was the main cause of the US being excluded from the League of Nations.