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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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History of Alcohol |
Predates history Evidence found in China Alcohol alleviate sadness or ease pain of deal made from fermentation: sugars in plants are eaten by yeast and ethanol is by product |
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Predisposition of ethanol addiction |
genetic factors, gene expression screening, identification of jeans related to alcoholism, alcoholism |
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Development of ethanol addiction |
environmental factors, alcohol. identification of epigenetic factors impacting gene expression |
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Heavy Alcohol Use |
5+ drinks per day/ 15+ drinks per week |
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Criteria for Use disorder |
3+ of the following repeatedly exceeded drinking limits not able to cut down/ stop continues to drink despite recurrent problems spends a lot of time drinking, anticipating or recovering from drinking less time spent on activities that used to be important shows tolerance shows withdrawal |
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What is ethanol |
Ethanol has both hydrophobic and hydrophillic properties enters many tissues and effects every organ metabolized in liver in two step process |
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Male vs Female differences |
Men and women have different levels of ADH, resulting in reduced tolerance in women |
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What does it do to liver |
Ethanol disrupts liver metabolism and increases lipoprotein production (fat) |
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What it does to the stomach |
slows digestion, decreases nutrient absorption, increases inflammation, breaks down mucosal membranes |
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What it does to the intestines |
slows movement, decreases absorption, disruption of natural bacteria, this has downstream effects on the liver and pancreas |
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What it does to the pancreas |
disrupts the normal functions of the pancreas, decreased blood flow, inflammation, decreased ability to regulate food intake and blood sugar=stress |
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routes of administration |
oral, rectal, and injection |
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Absorption |
gets absorbed through the mucous lining of digestive tract |
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Effects: |
dose dependent, excitatory, then depressant |
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How does ethanol shrink the brain |
cerebral atrophy, ventricular enlargement |
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Ethanol effects the brain globally |
ethanol has effects at the cellular level inhibits axonal growth especially in hippocampus |
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How does Ethanol effect neurotransmission |
ethanol is a promiscuous molecule that modulates both GABA(inhibitory) and glutamate (excitatory) signaling Ethanol acts to enhance GABA singals and decrease glutamate changes the seneitivity of receptops the time course of these modulations is responsible for the effects |
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How is ethanol addicting |
Ethanol stimulates both endogenous opiate release and dopamine signaling |
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Ethanol Witdrawal |
Using EtOH: Gaba/Glu disruption Body stress on organs, metabolism counteracts After repeated cycles the body requires EtOh to function normally |
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EtOH |
a depressant |
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No EtOH |
Increased excitation in the brain, the body organs need to find a new normal again |
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Detox: Symptom Management |
Replacement drug therapy Sudden removal of inhibition= sudden increase in excitation=seizures Secondary psychological conditions: antidepressant/ anxiety medication |
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Detox: Physiological Support |
The body has been under a constant state of stress Poisoning takes place at two points ethanol itself and acetaldehyde Liver support: flush body of toxins, MUST be WEANED so the body doesnt go into shock |
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Post Detox Needs |
Therapy/ social support, less bombarding from society, |
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Pharmacological Intervention |
Co-morbid psychological disturbances, anti depressants, GABA agonists, mood stabilizers Antabuse: blocks second enzyme in EtOH metabolism: increases acetaldehyde and makes person violently ill, deterrent but not healthy Naltrexone: opioid antagonist, prevents pleasure feeling Acamprosate: restores Glutamate receptor function- decrease consumption |
