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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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delirium tremens
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irritability, headaches, agitaion, confusion, vivid hallucinations, convulsions, disorientations
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correlation sex and alcohol
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relationship between alcohol and unsafe sex = correlational, no cause and effect.
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campbell and hodgins-black outs
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amnesia-25% of social drinkers.
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alcohol and sleep
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suppresses REM. 50% - blood level of alcohol that is lethal
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alcohol poisoning symptoms
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unconsciousness, vomiting, irregular/slow breathing, skin is cold/clammy and pale blush colour,
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bac
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blood alcohol concentration
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bac-> 02-03
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minimal effects-relaxation, mild mood elevation
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bac -> 05-06
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decreased alertness, relaxed, mildly impaired judgement
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bac -> .08-.10
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loss of motor concentration, slow reaction times,less caution
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bac -> .14-.16
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major impairment of mental and physical control, slurred speech, exaggerated emotions,blurred visions,
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bac ->.20-.25
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staggering, inability to walk, confusion, double vision
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bac -> .30
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conscious but stupor
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bac -> .45
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coma,lethal for 50% of population
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excess alcohol-vitamin
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deficiency in vitamin B (thiamine)-poor diet and failure to absorb during digestion
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wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
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first stage:confusion/disorientation
ataxia, tremors, later stages: memory disorder cant be reversed. |
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other systems effected by alcohol
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cardiovascular, renal-urinary, reproductive, gastrointestinal and liver
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cardiovascular
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dilation of peripheral blood vessels-closer to skin=flushed.
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diagnostic criteria of substance abuse - 3
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-impairs ability of individual to function
-problems with law -carries on despite legal/medical/social problems |
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diagnostic criteria of substance dependence -4
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-tolerance develops
- frequent efforts to reduce drug effort -signs of withdrawal at abstinence - preoccupation with securing consuming and recovering from drug use |
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1998 National Household Survey of Drug Abuse - alcohol
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more men than women consume alcohol. binge drinking also higher in men.
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Wechsler - new england
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random sampling of college students, new england college, drinking declined since 1979 but same amount of heavy drinking
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wechsler study
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140 colleges/unis, females-39% reported binge drinking, and 50% males, half of whom binged three of more times in a 2 week period. 1% felt they had drinking problems.
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bardo et al (1996)
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exposure to novel events increase use of alcohol,
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relatives risk of alcohol
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close relatives of alcoholics have a three to seven times greater risk for alcoholism than general population.
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genes studies for alcoholism
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concordance rates monozygotic-54%-in dyzogtic-28%. in adoption alcoholism is higher in children of alcoholics even when they are adopted in nonalcoholic families.
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cloninger
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type 1 and type 11 alcoholics. type 1-drinking in later life-guilt/fear about their alcoholism...most females. type 11-almost always male, thrill-seeking anti social and perhaps criminal.higher genetic vulnerability.
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risk factor-drinking effect
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alcoholics-early in their drinking they experienced little effect from their drinking unless they consumed large quantities.
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bales-socio-culture
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pioneer. cultures that abstain from alcohol use it to restrict it -low alcoholism rates.
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levin-socio-culture
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france and itlay. france has high alcoholism-they encourage drinking, with meals etc. but italy see drunkeness as bad.
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denial
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huge problem for alcoholics. enablers-many family make excuses for behaviour.
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detoxification
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withdrawal symptoms are strong motivators.
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AA
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relapse high, 40-70% resume drinking after one year
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RR
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rational recovery, helping individual to be rid of irrational/harmful beliefs.
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CRA
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community-reinforcement approach. top ranked method. make non-drinking life and environment better than drinking one then alcoholic wont return.
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