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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common side effect of hypnotic agents
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Sedation
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Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses
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Tolerance
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The most common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medications
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Additive CNS depression
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Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses
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REM is decreased *
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Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines
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Anterograde amnesia
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Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy
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Ability to cross the placenta *
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Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines
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Hepatic
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Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired)
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Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam
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MOA for benzodiazepines
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increase the FREQUENCY of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening
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Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
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Flumazenil *
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Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
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Diazepam
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Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia
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Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder
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Alprazolam and Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia
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Midazolam
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DOC for status epilepticus
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Diazepam
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Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs
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Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
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Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects
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Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate
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Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition
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Acute intermittent porphyria
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Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property
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Liver enzyme INDUCTION
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Barbiturates MOA
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Increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels
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Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia
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Thiopental
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Important drug interaction with chloral hydrate
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May displace coumadin from plasma proteins
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Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
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Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although are not considered benzodiazepines)
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Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines
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Zolpidem, zaleplon
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Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor
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Buspirone
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Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety
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Buspirone
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Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
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Ethanol *
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Agent with zero-order kinetics
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Ethanol
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Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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System that increases in activity with chronic exposure and may contribute to tolerance
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MEOS *
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Agent that metabolize acetaldehyde to acetate
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase
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Agents that inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase
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Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
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Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension
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Disulfiram
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The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
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Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI) *
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Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome
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Alcohol
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Agent that is the antidote for methanol overdose
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Alcohol
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Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
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Fomepizole
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