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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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purpose of aircraft instrument systems |
to advise pilots of the environmental conditions existing within and outside the aircraft |
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three basic forms of presentation to pilot |
sight, hearing, touch |
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4 elements of an instrument and definition |
detecting - quantity or condition is presented and changes detected measuring - quantity or condition is taken through angular displacements coupling - displacements are magnified and transmitted to indicating - exhibits the value of quantity by pointer and scale |
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5 general requirements for indicating instruments |
designed for minimum weight and bulk consistent and reliable robust and withstand vibrations in flight and must not product any resonant oscillations function satisfactorily and free from corrosion minimize radio interference and magnetic interference easy to install and adjust |
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classification of instruments |
provide info flight instruments - controlling attitude of aircraft. eg altimeter, ASI, AH navigation instruments - guide the aircraft. eg compass, clock HSI engine instruments - provide engine information. eg oil and fuel parameters, engine pressure ratio (EPR) system instruments - provide aircraft system info. eg hydraulic quantity , flap position and spply voltage store info provide automatic function or control |
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type of instruments by means of indication |
pressure type mechanical gyro electrical and electronic |
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basic 6 flight instruments and position |
ASI GH VSI ALT DI TB |
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basic T instruments and position |
ASI ADI ALT RMI HSI VSI |
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2 terminology and definition |
accuracy - how much in agreement with true master precision - the amount of error made |
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layer of atmosphere and height |
troposphere 14km stratosphere, ozone layer 50km mesosphere 90km ionosphere 350km |
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ISA pressure, temperature and humidity |
pressure - 101.325kPa or 1013.25mbar temperature - 15deg C or 59deg F humidity - 0% |
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types of pressure measurement |
atmospheric pressure - due to weight of air in atmosphere enveloping the earth and taken from sea level to upper limits of atmosphere absolute pressure - method of pressure measurement which has a reference pressure for 0. pressure is only positive gauge pressure - uses a datum such as existing atmospheric pressure at 0. pressure can be positive or negative |
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types of bourdon tubes and definition |
c tube - most common. one end open and attached to frame or transducer other closed and free to move. pressure increase, tube straightens and applies force, indication of pressure. helical tube - oval tube and coil structure. pressure increase, coil unwinds. advantage is more tip movement than c tube. spiral tube - similar to helical and most sensitive as produces most motion. |
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3 parts of the pitot static system |
pitot-static tube primary flight instruments - altimeter - ASI - VSI pipes and drains |
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2 types of transmission of data to instruments |
pipelines or flexible hoses drains and valves |
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q code of altimeter setting |
QFE - q field elevation. make altimeter read zero on landing and take off QNE - setting standard seas level pressure to make altimeter read airfield elevation QNH - altimeter read airfield height above sea level on landing and take off |
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types of airspeed and measurements |
indicated - derived from pitot and static system computed - from indicated buy corrected for positional error using air data computer calibrated - compensated for non-linear or square law equivalent - using calibrated corrected for dynamic air compressibility. not displayed on cockpit true - using equivalent corrected for aie density. displayed in cockpit. speed of a/c CG with respect to air mass. |
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3 types of altimeters and description |
Simple Altimeter - has only 1 single pressure element (capsule or diaphragm). has the least accuracy of the three altimeters Sensitive Altimeter- has 3 pressure elements or is more sensitive. has greater accuracy than Simple Altimeter Servo Altimeter - Has pressure element with an electrical pick-off assembly instead of a mechanicallinkage system; or a complex drum-type digit display that driven by servo motor. has digital readout or greater accuracy than Simple Altimeter |
