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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Group
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Two or more people who interact with each other to accomplish certain goals or meet certain needs.
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Team
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A group whose members work intensely with one another to achieve a specific common goal or objective.
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Synergy
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Performance gains that result when individuals and departments coordinate their actions.
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Formal Group
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A group that managers establish to achieve organizational goals.
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Informal Group
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A group that managers or nonmanagerial employees form to help achieve their own goals or meet their own needs.
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Top-Management Team
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A group composed of the CEO, the president, and the heads of the most important departments.
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Research and Development Team
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A team whose members have the expertise and experience needed to develop new products.
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Command Group
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A group composed of subordinates who report to the same supervisor; also called department or unit.
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Task Force
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A committee of managers or nonmanagerial employees from various departments or divisions who meet to solve a specific, mutual problem; also called ad hoc committee.
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Self-Managed Work Team
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A group of employees who supervise their own activities and monitor the quality of the goods and services they provide.
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Virtual Team
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A team whose members rarely or never meet face-to-face but, rather, interact by using various forms of information technology such as email, computer networks, telephone, fax, and videoconferencing.
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Friendship Group
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An informal group composed of employees who enjoy one another's company and socialize with one another.
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Interest Group
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An informal group composed of employees seeking to achieve a common goal related to their membership in an organization.
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Division of Labor
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Splitting the work to be performed into particular tasks and assigning tasks to individual workers.
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Task Interdependence
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The degree to which the work performed by one member of a group influences the work performed by other members.
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Pooled Task Interdependence
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The task interdependence that exists when group members make separate and independent contributions to group performance.
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Sequential Task Interdependence
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The task interdependence that exists when group members must perform specific tasks in a a predetermined order.
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Reciprocal Task Interdependence
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The task interdependence that exists when the work performed by each group member is fully dependent on the work performed by the other group member.
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Group Role
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A set of behaviors and tasks that a member of a group is expected to perform because of his or her position in the group.
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Role Making
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Taking the initiative to modify an assigned role by assuming additional responsibilities.
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Group Norms
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Shared guidelines or rules for behavior that most group members follow.
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Three reasons why group members conform to norms:
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1) They want to obtain rewards and avoid punishments
2) They want to imitate group members whom they like and admire 3) They have internalized the norm and believe it is the right and proper way to behave. |
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Groups generally respond to members who behave defiantly in one of three ways:
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1) The group might try to get the member to change his or her deviant ways and conform to the norm.
2) The group might expel the member 3) The group might change the norm to be consistent with the member's behavior. |
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Group Cohesiveness
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The degree to which members are attracted to or loyal to their group.
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Factors leading to group cohesiveness
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* group size
* effectively managed diversity * Group identity and healthy competition * success |
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Social Loafing
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The tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they work in groups than when they work alone.
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3 ways to reduce social loafing
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1) Make individual contributions to a group identifiable.
2) Emphasize the valuable contributions of individual members. 3) Keep group size at an appropriate level. |
