Aicp Policy

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Urban Parks and Recreation Recovery Act (1978)

Back 1

Authorized $725 million to provide grants and assistance to economically distressed urban communities.

Front 2

Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (1980)

Back 2

Established the Superfund program and refined the legal framework governing liability for toxic sites. Passed after Love Canal.

Front 3

Farmland Protection Policy Act (1981)

Back 3

Beginning of federal legislation aimed at farmland conservation. Directs federal agencies to avoid projects that would convert prime farmland.

Front 4

New Jersey Fair Housing Act (1985)

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Passed after the Mt. Laurel decision, the policy set a national standard for promoting regional fair share affordable housing and combating exclusionary zoning

Front 5

Tax Reform Act (1986)

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Established the Low Income Housing Tax Credit

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Community Reinvestment Act (1987)

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Holds financial institutions accountable for the investments they financed. Reduced practice of "red lining"

Front 7

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

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New protections and new accommodations for people with disabilities

Front 8

Clean Air Act Amendments (1990)

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Amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1963 linked air quality and transportation planning through the conformity process

Front 9

Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (1990)

Back 9

Established HOME and HOPE programs. The HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) provides formula grants to States and localities that communities use - often in partnership with local nonprofit groups - to fund a wide range of activities including building, buying, and/or rehabilitating affordable housing for rent or homeownership.

Front 10

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (1991)

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Increased local involvement in transportation planning, more support for non-highway transportation

Front 11

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (1993)

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Established HUD's Enterprise Zone and Empowerment Community Program. Tax incentives for distressed neighborhoods.

Front 12

California Community Redevelopment Law Reform Act (1993)

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Credited as the first law authorizing tax increment financing

Front 13

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1995)

Back 13

Built on ISTEA by linking land use and transportation planning through the TCSP program. Provided record levels of guaranteed federal transportation resources.

Front 14

Maryland Smart Growth Act (1997)

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Added "smart growth" to the conversation. Instituted an incentive-based system linking state funding to the identification of priority growth areas.

Front 15

Disaster Mitigation Act (2000)

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Created incentive for communities to formally adopt a plan for hazard mitigation

Front 16

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (2000)

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Requires that there be a compelling government interest to regulate land used by religious institutions and that it must be the least invasive way of achieving that interest

Front 17

Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962

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For areas with populations 50,000 or more, the 3C process required for transportation planning. 3C Process: Continuing, Cooperative, Comprehensive

Front 18

Rivers and Harbors Act (1899)

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Prohibited construction of any bridge, dam, dike, causeway over any navigable waterway without congressional approval. Also required approval for wharfs, jetties, piers.

Front 19

Water Pollution Control Act (1948)

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Allowed Surgeon General of the Public Health Service to work with other governmental entities to reduce interstate water pollution and improving sanitation. Allowed Federal Works Administrator to assist with construction of treatment facilities

Front 20

Water Quality Act (1965)

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Established Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interior. First time water was treated as an environmental concern rather than a public health concern

Front 21

Clean Water Act (1966)

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Grants for wastewater treatment facilities

Front 22

Coastal Zone Management Act (1972)

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Reduce polluted runoff in 29 coastal states

Front 23

Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972)

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Gave responsibility of water to EPA. Changed from enforcement of water quality standards to regulation of pollutant quantity released from point sources

Front 24

Clean Water Act (1977)

Back 24

Amendment to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972. Requires permit for point source discharges through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

Front 25

Clean Air Act (1970)

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Establishes Air Quality Control Regions (AQCR). Defines six pollutants: 1) nitrous oxides, 2) sulfur dioxide, 3) lead, 4) particulate matter, 5) carbon monoxide, and 6) ozone. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD). Requires that a project will not increase emissions above a specified PSD increment. Ambient Air Quality Standards -- max. air contaminant concentrations allowed in air. Regions can lose federal funding if in non-attainment

Front 26

Endangered Species Act (1973)

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Protection of animal and plant species that the US Fish and Wildlife Service designated as threatened or endangered. Amended in 1988.

Front 27

Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (1978)

Back 27

Promoted alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, decreased dependence on foreign oil, market for non-utility power producers. Requires competition in the utility industry.

Front 28

Tenement House Act (1867)

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First major housing code in USA. Required new tenement buildings to provide an air shaft between adjacent structures, windows that opened into the shaft, two toilets on each floor, and one square yard window in each room

Front 29

Tenement House Act (1901)

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Outlawed dumbbell tenements

Front 30

National Housing Act (1934)

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Established Federal Housing Administration for insuring home mortgages

Front 31

US Housing Act (1937)

Back 31

Tied slum clearance to public housing. Provided $500 million for construction of low-income housing

Front 32

Serviceman's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) (1944)

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Provided home loans to veterans, which led to the rapid development of the suburbs

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Housing Act (1949)

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"First comprehensive housing legislation passed." Construction of 800,000 new housing units and slum clearance. Urban Renewal begins.

Front 34

Housing Act (1954)

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Slum prevention and urban renewal. Provided funding for planning for cities with populations less than 25,000

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Housing Act (1959)

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Provided federal matching funds for planning at all levels

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Housing Act (1961)

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Provided interest subsidies to nonprofit organizations, limited-dividend corporations, cooperatives, and public agencies for the construction of public housing projects for low and moderate income families to rent.

Front 37

Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act (1966)

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Model Cities program. Funding for metropolitan planning for open space, water supply, transit. Funding for "new communities"

Front 38

Civil Rights Act (1968)

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Made housing discrimination on the basis of race illegal

Front 39

Housing and Urban Development Act (1968)

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Funded 6 million subsidized housing units and monthly subsidies for private houses for low income families

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US Department of Housing and Urban Development

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Formed 1965. Put into place rent subsidies, home loans at reduced rates, and subsidies for public housing projects

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Community Development Block Grant Program (1974)

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Created under President Nixon, under the Housing and Community Development Act. Flexibility in using federal grants for improvement of blighted areas. Section 8 program created. Required Housing Assistance Programs (HAPs) to assess housing needs, set visions, and include the public

Front 42

National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Act (1974)

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Regulated manufactured housing units and prohibited municipalities from regulating them through building codes. Regulation can be based on location, size, and appearance. Applies to units built 1976 and later.

Front 43

Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAG) (1977)

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Promoted public-private partnerships for redevelopment of urban areas. Ended Section 701 comprehensive planning.

Front 44

National Affordable Housing Act (1990)

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HOME program initiated - funds for housing rehabilitation

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HOPE VI

Back 45

Deconcentration of public housing. Funds for redevelopment of severely distressed public housing and construction of new public housing. Starting in 1995, Consolidated Plan required.