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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ordinance of 1875 |
Provided for the rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest. Daniel Elazar (professor) said this was the largest single act of national planning in our history. |
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Homestead Act |
Opened lands of public domain to settlers for a fee and five years residence. 1862. |
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Morrill Act |
Congress authorizes land grants from public domain to states. Proceeds were to be used to found colleges. 1862. |
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Mugler v. Kansas |
SC rules that courts have duty to strike down local laws that do not have real or substantial relation to the police power - health, safety, welfare, and morals of the community. 1887. |
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General Land Law Revision Act |
Gave president power to create forest preserves by proclamation. 1891. |
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U.S. v. Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. |
First significant legal case concerning historic preservation. Supreme Court ruled that acquisition of battlefield serves valid public purpose. 1896. |
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Forest Management Act |
Authorized some control by Secretary of Interior over use and occupancy of forest preserves. 1897. |
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New York State Tenement House Law |
Legislative basis for the revision of city codes that outlawed tenements such as the Dumbbell. Lawrence Veiller was the leading reformer. 1901. |
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U.S. Reclamation Act |
Created fund from sale of public land in arid states to support water storage and irrigation works. 1902. |
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Public Lands Commission |
Established by Teddy Roosevelt to propose rules for orderly land development and management. 1903. |
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Antiquities Act of 1906 |
First law to institute federal protection for preserving archaeological sites. Provided for designation as National Monuments areas already in the public domain that contained historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and objects of historic or scientific interest. |
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Inland Waterway Commission |
Established by Teddy Roosevelt to encourage multipurpose planning in waterway development: navigation, power, irrigation, flood control, water supply. 1907. |
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Welch v. Swasey |
Supreme Court upholds municipal regulation of building heights. This validated use of construction standards to uphold public safety. 1909. |
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Hadacheck v. Sebastian |
U.S. Supreme Court upheld a municipal regulation that governed the placement of land uses. 1915. |
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First comprehensive zoning resolution |
New York City under leadership of George McAneny and Edward Bassett, known as "father of zoning." 1916. |
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First comprehensive zoning resolution |
New York City under leadership of George McAneny and Edward Bassett, known as "father of zoning." 1916. |
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National Park Service |
Established in 1916 with sole responsibility for conserving and preserve resources of special value. |
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U.S. Housing Corporation and Emergency Fleet Corporation |
Influenced later endeavors in public housing and operated at major shopping centers to provide housing for WWI workers. 1918. |
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Pennsylvania Coal v. Mahon |
A land use restricted constituted a taking - established principle of "regulatory taking." Justice Brandeis with the dissent. 1922z |
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Standard State Zoning Enabling Act |
Issued by US Dept of Commerce under Secretary Hoover in 1924z |
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Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty |
Constitutionality of zoning upheld by Supreme Court. Case argued by Alfred Bettman. 1926. |
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Standard City Planning Enabling Act |
Issued by U.S. Department of Commerce under Secretary Hoover. 1928. |
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Nectow v. City of Cambridge |
Supreme Court strikes down as unconstitutional a local zoning ordinance because it was not reasonably tied to a valid public purpose under the police power.1928. |
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First instance of rural zoning |
Wisconsin law that authorized county boards to regulate, restrict, and determine the areas within which agriculture, forestry, and recreation may be conducted. 1929. |
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Bove v. Donner-Hanna Coke Corp |
Nuisances - court ruled that an owner can't make use of his property if it creates material annoyance to his neighbor or if his neighbor's property or life is materially lessened by the use. 1932. |
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Federal Emergency Relief Administration |
Set up under Harry Hopkins to organize relief work in urban and rural areas. 1933. |
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Tennessee Valley Authority |
Created for unified and multipurpose redevelopment of Tennessee valley. America's most famous experiment in river basin planning. George Norris of Nebraska fathered idea and David Lilienthal was its most effective implementer. 1933. |
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Tennessee Valley Authority |
Created for unified and multipurpose redevelopment of Tennessee valley. America's most famous experiment in river basin planning. George Norris of Nebraska fathered idea and David Lilienthal was its most effective implementer. 1933. |
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National Housing Act |
Established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages. 1934. |
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Tennessee Valley Authority |
Created for unified and multipurpose redevelopment of Tennessee valley. America's most famous experiment in river basin planning. George Norris of Nebraska fathered idea and David Lilienthal was its most effective implementer. 1933. |
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National Housing Act |
Established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages. 1934. |
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Taylor Grazing Act |
To regulate the use of the range in the West for conservation purposes. 1934. |
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Resettlement Administration |
Established under Rexford Tugwell (Roosevelt) for land reform and resettlement experiments. Built 3 green belt towns (Greenbelt MD, Greenhills OH, Greendale WI). 1935 |
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Federal Aid Highway Act |
Passed by Congress in 1956 to create interstate highway system linking all capitals and most cities of 50k or more. |
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Berman v Parker |
Supreme Court upholds right of DC Redevelopment Land Agency to condemn unsightly properties (though non-deteriorated) if required to achieve objectives of established area redevelopment plan. 1954. |
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Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR) |
Members from various branches of government. Serves as research agency and think tank in area of intergovernmental relations. 1959. |
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Hawaii |
First state to institute statewide zoning. 1961. |
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HUD |
Achieved cabinet status in 1965. Robert Weaver is first secretary and first black cabinet member. |
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Water Resources Management Act |
Authorized federal-multistate river basin commissions. 1965. |
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Public Works and Economic Development Act |
Established EDA to aid lagging regions. 1965. |
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Appalachian Regional Planning Act |
Established region comprising all of WV and parts of 12 other states plus planning commission with power to allocate resources. 1965. |
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Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act |
Launched model cities program attacking urban blight and poverty. Under Johnson's Great Society program. 1966. |
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National Historic Preservation Act |
Establishes National Register of Historic Places. Section 106 and establishment of SHPO. 1966. |
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Soil Conservation Act |
Congress makes soil erosion prevention a national priority. 1935. |
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Section 4(f) - DoT Act |
Protects parkland, wildlife refuges, and both privately and publicly owned historic sites in building national roads. 1966. |
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Intergovernmental Relations Act of 1968 |
Circular A-95 issued to require state and substate regional clearinghouses to review and comment on federally assisted projects to facilitate coordination among three levels of government. |
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NEPA |
National Environmental Policy Act requires environmental impact statements for every federal or federally-aided state or local action that might significantly harm the environment. 1969. |
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Jones v. Mayer |
8th Circuit ruled that racial barriers cannot affect acquisition of property. 1968. |
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Clean Air Act |
Established EPA to administer its main provisions. 1970. |
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James v. Valtierra |
Supreme Court upholds amendment to constitution requiring referendums for housing projects because intent to racially discriminate cannot be found. 1971. |
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Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Commission v. US Atomic Energy Commission |
Approval for nuclear power plant not properly granted because NEPA was not followed. Solidified role of NEPA in development. 1971. |
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Coastal Zone Management Act |
1972 |
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Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo |
NY high court allows use of performance criteria to slow community growth. 1972. |
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US State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act |
General revenue sharing inaugurated. 1972. |
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Historic Sites, Buildings, and Antiquities Act |
Predecessor of NHPA. Required sec of interior to identify, acquire and restore historic sites and federal agencies to consider preservation needs in programs and plans. 1935. |
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Endangered Species Act |
Authorized federal assistance to state and local jurisdictions to establish conservation programs for endangered plant and animal species. 1973. |
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Fasano v. Washington County (OR) |
Oregon Supreme Court rules all zoning and rezoning must be consistent with applicable comprehensive plans. 1973. |
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Housing and Community Development Act |
Replaces categorical grant with CDBG as principal federal aid for local community development. 1974. |
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Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas |
Supreme Court rules that limiting residents of housing units to relatives is legitimate use of police power. Eliminates many civil rights challenges to local regulations. 1974. |
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Cleveland Policy Plan Report |
Shift from traditional land use planning to advocacy planning. 1975. |
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Sonoma v. Petaluma |
4th Circuit rules that quotas on annual number of building permits issued was constitutional use of police power. 1975. |
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NAACP v. Mount Laurel |
NJ Supreme Court rules local zoning ordinance unconstitutional because it conflicts with state fair housing practices. 1975. |
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Historic Preservation Fund |
?? Established in 1976 |
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City of Eastlake v. Forest City Enterprises |
Subjecting rezoning to referendum is constitutional because no intent to discriminate could be found. 1976. |
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Young v. American Mini Theaters |
Mandating decentralization of sexually oriented businesses constitutional based on studies showing clustering is detrimental to society. 1976. |
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Social Security Act |
1935. Frances Perkins (labor secretary) principal promoter. |
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Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore |
Cal. Supreme Court finds that temporary moratoria on building permit issuance is constitutional. 1976. |
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Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Court |
Cannot deny housing based on race, immigration status, or national origin. Denying housing to people based on gender or illegitimacy must "substantially advance" state interest and not be passed or enforced with intent to discriminate. 1977. |
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Superfund Bill/Comprehensive Response, Compensation, and Liability Act |
Creates liability for persons discharging hazardous waste. Taxes polluting industries to create trust fund for cleanup in cases where responsibility cannot be determined. 1980. |
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Penn Central v. NYC |
Supreme Court upholds NYC Landmark Preservation Law as applicable to Grand Central Terminal. Barring development of air rights was not a taking because interior of property could be put to lucrative use. 1978. |
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Central Hudson v. Public Service Commission |
For a regulation involving first amendment rights to survive, it must 1)advance a compelling state interest 2) allow a reasonable alternative means of communication 3) be as narrowly defined as possible and 4) be a reasonable time, place, and manner restriction. 1980. |
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Agins v. City of Tiburon |
Makes clear that a regulation that is not reasonably related to the police power and causes property to lose all economic value constitutes a taking. 1980. |
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Metromedia v. City of San Diego |
Supreme Court holds that neither commercial nor non-commercial speech can be favored over one another. Ordinance was overturned because it effectively banned non-commercial signs. 1981. |
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Loretto v. TelePrompTer Manhattan CATV Corp |
A physical invasion of property is a taking. 1982. |
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Mount Laurel 2 |
NJ Supreme Court rules that all municipalities must build their fair share of affordable housing. 1983. |
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Members of City Council v. Taxpayers for Vincent |
Upholds regulation prohibiting attaching signs to utility poles. Regulation met all tests mentioned under Central Hudson. 1984. |
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US Housing Act ( Wagner-Steagall) |
Appropriated $500mn in loans for low cost housing. Tied slum clearance to public housing and set stage for future government aid. 1937. |
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City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center |
An ordinance can treat different groups unequally (that does not involve fundamental right or race, national origin, immigrant status) as long as it passes rational basis test. This ordinance failed that test. 1985. |
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City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters |
Supreme Court allows zoning ordinance limiting SOBs to 5% of land area based on study conducted on negative effects of business type on surrounding areas. 1986. |
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First English Evangelical v. County of LA |
Supreme Court finds that a temporary taking requires compensation. 1987. |
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Nollan v. California Coastal Commission |
Land use restrictions must be tied directly to a specific public purpose to be valid. 1987. |
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Farm Security Administration |
Successor to resettlement administration and administrator of programs to aid rural poor. 1937. |
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GI Bill (Serviceman's Readjustment Act) |
Guaranteed loans for homes to veterans. Accelerated growth of suburbs. 1944. |
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Housing and Home Financing Agency |
HUD predecessor. Coordinate federal housing programs. 1947. |
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Housing Act (1949 - Wagner-Ellender-Taft) |
First comprehensive housing legislation in US. Aimed to construct 800k units. Inaugurated urban redevelopment. 1949. |
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Housing Act of 1954 |
Stressed slum prevention and urban renewal vs slum clearance and urban redevelopment. Also provided section 701 funds for cities under 25k population. This funding was later extended for statewide, interstate and substate regional planning. |
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Cohen v. Des Planes |
Supreme Court rules zoning cannot be used to give religious institutions advantages over other commercial ventures - no day care in residential zone when nobody else was allowed. |
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Cohen v. Des Planes |
Supreme Court rules zoning cannot be used to give religious institutions advantages over other commercial ventures - no day care in residential zone when nobody else was allowed. 1990. |
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Oregon v. Smith |
Zoning that is neutral on its face is permissible as long as it doesn't hinder religion itself - upheld ban on use of peyote in Native American religious services. 1990. |
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Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act |
Includes provisions for a national scenic byways program and for transportation enhancements, each of which includes historic preservation component. 1991. |
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Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council |
Back (Definition) |
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Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council |
Back (Definition) |
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Enterprise Zone/Empowerment Community (EZ/EC) |
Signed into law in 1993. Aims tax incentives, wage tax credits, special deductions, low-interest financing to a limited number of impoverished urban and rural communities to jumpstart their economic and social recovery. |
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Dolan v. City of Tigard |
U.S. Supreme Court rules that jurisdiction must show that there is a rough proportionality between adverse impacts of a proposed development and the exactions it wishes to impose on the developer. 1994. |
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North American Free Trade Agreement |
Foster trade and investment among us Canada and Mexico by removing or lowering non tariff as well as tariff barriers. 1994. |
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Telecommunications Act |
Allows competition in industry and requires towers to be permitted wherever gap in coverage is found. Prohibits local consideration of health effects in permitting decisions. 1996. |
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Borgmann v. Board of Supervisors |
Iowa Supreme Court struck down right to farm legislation on grounds that 1) it was unequal application of law and 2) indirect de facto taking of abutting non-farm properties. 1998. |
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Sierra v. Tahoe |
Supreme Court rules that temporary building moratorium is valid use of police power and not a taking when used for conducting planning studies to protect public health, safety, welfare, and morals. 2002. |
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Kelo v. New Haven |
Practice of using eminent domain and urban redevelopment for economic development purposes when actions are backed by a redevelopment plan that went through proper planning process. 2005. |
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San Remo Hotel v. San Francisco |
Takings disputed resolved at state level cannot be re-litigated at the federal level. 2005. |
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Lingle v. Chevron |
Supreme Court overturns substantial advancement test that was established in Agins (1980). 2005. |
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Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams |
Supreme Court rules that zoning review under Telecommunications Act does not include monetary damages or a lengthy review period. 2005. |