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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Problems the Anti-Federalists had with the Constitution
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1. Proposed a "Aristocratic" government removed from the people.
2. No such thing as an "Extended Republic" 3. Mechanisms were all smoke and mirrors. 4. There was no Bill of Rights. |
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Anti-Federalists of note
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1. Samuel Adams
2. George Clinton 3. George Mason 4. Patrick Henry |
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Federalists of note
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1. James Madison
2. Alexander Hamilton 3. Edmund Randolph 4. James Wilson |
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What did the Federalists tell Anti's who were concerned about the lack of a bill of rights?
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If the constitution were ratified a bill of rights would be made.
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Which were the 4 battleground states for the ratification of the constitution?
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1. New York
2. Virginia 3. Massachusetts 4. Pennsylvania |
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James Wilson was known for what?
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-federalist -Pennsylvania convention-answered questions calmly and "masterfully". -Mugged and almost killed after convention. |
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Jonathan Smith is known for what?
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-federalist
-Massachusetts convention -responding to farmers complaint |
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Edmund Randolph is known for what?
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-federalist
-Virginia Convention -rallied federalists and gave the political performance of his life. |
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"The federalist"
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-Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay.
-Answered all charges against the constitution. |
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Natural Rights
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Fundamental rights granted by nature that government cannot distribute or change and is bound to protect.
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Civil Rights
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Rights defined using narrow, concrete language, full of specific terms and qualifiers.
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Arguments AGAINST bill of rights
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1. States already had a bill of rights
2. Enumerating rights was difficult 3. Enforcing rights was difficult |
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Arguments FOR a bill of rights
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1. Federalists had promised one
2. A large and powerful government was just created 3. Could not hurt to enumerate things the government cannot do. (especially in the shadow of King George) |
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Narrow vs. Broad rights
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1. Broad rights are easily interpreted negatively
2. Narrow rights can be too specific and therefore useless |
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"The 3 Great Oughts"
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Natural rights that imply an "ought" as opposed to an "is" about the way things should be. 1. Freedom of conscience (1st amendment)2. Freedom of expression (1st amendment) 3. Right to privacy (1st, 3rd, 4th amendment) |
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Marbury vs. Madison case
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1. Judical review was established
2. John Adams lost election and made "midnight appointment" commission orders 3. Thomas Jefferson (new president) ignores job orders 4. Marbury demands writ of mandamus 5. Marshal establishes judicial review, no commission delivered |
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Judicial Review |
Power of supreme court to rule on the constitutionality of laws.
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4 arguments you can make from Dallin H. Oaks “Religious Values and Public Policy”
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1. I expect the same broad latitude of discussion on my views that applies to everyone else’s participation in public policy debates.
2. Religious values are just as legitimate as those based on any other comprehensive set of beliefs such as the environmental movement. 3. It is unrealistic to argue for laws that are entirely neutral from any religious tradition unless you cut away the entire idea that there are moral absolutes. 4. Since I have demonstrated openness and tolerance for your opposing beliefs, I feel I can expect a similar openness for my beliefs. |
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Loyal Opposition
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When losers in the political game continue to support the system, even when the system is against their ideology.
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Thomas Jefferson's america
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Idealistic society run by self governing "yeoman farmers", tilling the ground by day, studying politics and science by candlelight in the evening. (supported the french revolution)
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Alexander Hamilton's america
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There must be rulers and the ruled.
Great empire that competed with european powers and dominated the western hemisphere. |
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Hamiltons 5-step program to build a nation
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1. Asume the revolutionary war debt of all 13 sates.
2. Pay off al debt of the federal government, thereby establishing the financial reputation of the new nation 3. Establish a US bank patterned after the bank of England. 4. Negotiate trade agreement with Great Britain 5. Impose tariffs (taxes on imported goods) to encourage and protect domestic manufactures. |
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Democratic-Republican party
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-Leaders: Jefferson and Madison
-Ideal Society: self-reliant individuals, small government protective of rights -Supported french revolution -Smaller government -Narrow interpretation of government powers |
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Federalist Party
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-Leaders: Hamilton and Adams
-Ideal Society: Great empire that would dominate the western hemisphere and compete with euro powers. -Supported alliance with GB -Powerful federal government -Broad interpretation of constitutional powers |
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Original and Periodic consent
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Original: Giving consent to a provision or law the first time.
Periodic: Giving continual consent at certain intervals to a provision or law to which original consent has already been given. |
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Filtered Consent
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When the selection of government officials is distanced from the people in order to avoid a dangerous mob rule effect.
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Electoral Collage
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A group of electors selected by the people who are responsible for the selection of the president.
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Majority vs. Plurality
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Majority: Receiving more than 50% of the votes.
Plurality: Receiving the largest percentage of the vote. |
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4 points of the US electoral system
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1. The President is elected separately from the legislature
2. A single representative is elected from each district of state. 3. Plurality of votes being sufficient for election except in the Electoral college. 4. Fixed intervals for elections. |
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What effects can smaller third parties have on elections?
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smaller third parties can be spoilers.
If a smaller party becomes prominent, the other 2 candidates will try to adopt the 3rd parties ideologies |
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Primaries campaign strategy
vs. General Election campaign strategy |
Appear as extreme as possible
vs. Appear as the moderate candidate, pushing the other to far extreme side |
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Factors of the 2008 election
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1. Dissatisfaction with the Bush administration and republican scandals
2. Iraq War was unpopular and expensive 3. Unemployment, housing market, crash of economy 4. Obama's minority/ethnic background |
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4 common tendencies in american voting
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1. Voters punish the party in power when recent economical conditions have been bad.
2. Primary elections pull candidates away from the middle of the party electorate. 3. The general election pushes candidates back towards the middle. 4. Relative turnout and the vote of the independents have strong influence on elections. |
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Deep Change
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Fundamental alteration in the way life is lived. Usually unnoticed because it is a slow process.
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3 forces that helped the massive increase in US population over the last 200 years
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1. An increasing life expectancy
2. A high birthrate 3. A constant flow of immigrants |
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Boosterism
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promoting ones own town or city, sometimes in an excessive or exaggerated manner, in order to increase both its quality and public opinion.
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Democratic Revolution
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Change of political power by the voting of the people
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Popular Government
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"government of the people, by the people, for the people"
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What was Franklin D Roosevelts "New Deal"
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A plan by FDR involving the creation of various government agencies and programs designed to stimulate the economy and help the US escape the great depression.
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What were the 14 points?
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14 points implemented by Woodrow Wilson after WW1 as an attempt to create lasting world peace. (including the creation of a league of nations)
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Gibbons vs. Ogden
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Supreme court case in which the power of federal government was expanded by the broad interpretation of the commerce clause.
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McCullough vs. Maryland
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Supreme court case in which greater federal power was established by maintaining the national bank.
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Judicial activism
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when courts use judicial power to achieve social goals.
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Amendments that effected suffrage
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The Twenty-Sixth Amendment The Twenty-Fourth Amendment The Nineteenth Amendment The Fifteenth Amendment |
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Amendments that effected
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Twelfth Amendment
Twentieth Amendment Twenty-Second Amendment Twenty-Fifth Amendment |
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Ordinance of 1784
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Plan on Thomas Jefferson to organize the national domain into discrete territories along with a three-stage development of government institutions.
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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Called for the systematic survey of the Northwest territory and division into mile-square plots and organization into townships.
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Northwest ordinance of 1787
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Called for the governmental development of the west based on creating self-governing republics that would be systematically added to the union.
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aspects of Jacksonian politics
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1. Party newspapers
2. Popular campaigning 3. “Get out the vote” activities 4. Public togetherness |
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Frederick Jackson Turner
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A historian who published an essay about the frontier in 1893
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Where did democratization first develop?
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The west, no aristocracy
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Political Machine
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A group of party loyalists who often use illegal means to obtain votes
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Consistencies between todays politics and Jacksonians
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1. The excitement of election campaigns helps overcome local attachments and cement the bonds of nationhood.
2. Political machines find their equivalents in pressure groups, PACS, and under-the-table corporate donors with deep pockets. 3. Popular icons (rockstars, models, etc) are still recruited into politics. 4. Voters in our own time agonize over abortion and gay rights. |
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What was Andrew Jacksons strategy?
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He portrayed himself as the hero of the common man, seeking to reduce the aristocratic tendencies of the national government.
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George B. McClellan
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-Union general
-failed to press his advantage at the battle of Antietam -later relieved of duty by president Lincoln |
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Battle of Antietam/Sharpsburg
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-Neither side won.
-gave Lincoln confidence to declare the emancipation proclamation. -Bloodiest day in american history |
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The issue of slavery
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-Regional problem, factions didn't work, creating a division between the north and the south
-Lived as families although the were often separated -many slaves had gardens -Relatively healthy diets -sometimes whipped -No reading or literacy |
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14th Amendment
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-eliminated the constitutional clause that made slaves 3/5 of population
-fixed confederacy debts -prohibited confederate leaders from holding public office -defined citizenship |
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Missouri compromise
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1820 agreement between anti and pro slavery factions that regulated slavery in the western territories, prohibiting slavery above the border of Arkansas and permitting it south of that border.
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1860 election and its candidates
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1. Abe Lincoln - Republican
2. Stephen A. Douglas - Democrat (north) 3. John Bell - Constitutional union 4. John C. Breckinridge - Democrat (south) |
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Dred Scott case
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-slave who sued for his freedom because his owner had lived in several states where slavery was illegal.
-Ruled the Missouri compromise as unconstitutional because slaves were property and could not be freed by state laws. |
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Confederacy vs. Union
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Confederacy leaders
-Jefferson davis - president -Robert E. Lee - general Union leaders -Abraham Lincoln -President -Ulysses S. Grant - General |
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thirteenth amendment
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abolished slavery
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fifteenth amendment
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all male citizens can vote
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Reasons for succession as outlined by South Carolina
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1. The right of people to alter or abolish destructive government, as outlined in the Declaration of Independence.
2. The failure of the government to fulfill its duty deliver up runaway slaves, as outlined in the Constitution. 3. That each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, as outlined in the Articles of Confederation. 4. The deference of power to the states that are not given to the United States, as outlined in the Bill of Rights |
