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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mesaticephalic
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Middle length nose
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Brachycephalic
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Short nose
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Dolichocephalic
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Long nose
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Maxilla
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Upper jaw
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Mandible
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Lower jaw
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Mandibular Symphysis
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Midline of lower jaw
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Palate
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Hard = more rostral, bony
Soft = more caudal, soft |
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Rugae
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Ridges in mouth (cover hard palate & end at soft palate), direct food to back of mouth
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Vestibule
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Space between jaw & cheek (between cheek and teeth)
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Fauca
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Surface of ramus of mandible (common place of ulcers in cats)
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Gingiva
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Gums (tougher & closer to teeth)
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Sulcus
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Space between teeth & gums (where popcorn gets stuck)
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Oral mucosa (mucus membrane)
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Softer tissue lining cheeks & above gingiva
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Commissure
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Corner of lips
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Mucogingival line
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Between gingiva & mucosa (where they meet)
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Mucocutaneous junction
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Between lips & skin of face (lip line, common site of ulceration & eosinophilic granulomas)
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Occlusion
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How the teeth meet
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Diastema
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Space between teeth
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Labial
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Towards lips
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Palatal
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Inner surface of top teeth
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Buccal
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Side of teeth towards cheeks (behind canines)
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Lingual
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Inner surface of bottom teeth
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Distal
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Moving away from midline (backside of tooth moving backward)
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Mesial
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Moving toward the midline (frontside of tooth moving forward)
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Interproximal surface
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space between teeth (much smaller than diastema)
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Occlusal
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Top of crown, grinding surface
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Coronal
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On the tooth towards the crown
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Apical
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On the tooth towards the root
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What is enamel?
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The substance you see on the surface of the crown of a normal tooth
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What is the hardest tissue in the body?
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Enamel
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What is enamel made of?
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Mineral crystals particularly calcium
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What does enamel do?
What is its drawback? |
- Protects the pulp
- Tends to be quite brittle and tends to fracture along crystal prisms where they intersect. It also has no elasticity, thus a tooth made of 100% enamel while being strong would also fracture easily |
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What is enamel formed by?
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Ameloblasts during tooth development
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What is a "blast" cell?
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Germinal cell contributing to production
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What is a "clast" cell?
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Cells that contribute to the destruction of a substance
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What is enamel hypoplasia?
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Condition when defective enamel undergoes minimal calcification which results in weak brittle enamel with a chalky appearance
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How thick is cat enamel?
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<0.1mm - 0.3mm
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How thick is dog enamel?
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<0.1mm - 0.6mm
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How thick is human enamel?
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2 - 4 mm
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What is dentin?
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Substance that makes up the majority of the tooth surface. It forms the layer just below the enamel of the crown and the cementum of the root
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What do odontoblasts make?
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Make dentin through out the life of the tooth
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When is primary dentin formed?
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Before the tooth erupts
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When is secondary dentin formed?
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Continuously after the tooth erupts. Grows inwards making the pulp chamber smaller as the animal ages
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When is tertiary dentin formed?
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When areas are exposed to injury
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What does dentin contain?
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Nerve fibres therefore it is sensitive to heat, cold, physical pressure and osmotic pressure variations
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What to odontoclasts do?
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Responsible for the break down of dentin and other tooth substances
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What is cementum?
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The substance which covers the outermost surface of the tooth roots
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What attaches to the cementum?
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Periodontal ligaments and gingiva
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What results if there is a loss of cementum?
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Permanent deep pockets around the tooth
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What do cementoblasts do?
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Produce cementum through out the life of the tooth at the root apex
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What does cementum contain?
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Nerve endings therefore is also sensitive when exposed
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What is gingiva?
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Hardened, keratinized epithelial tissue almost like callused mucus membrane
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What are deciduous teeth?
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Primary or baby teeth. There are usually fewer deciduous teeth which are replaced by permanent teeth
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What is a retained deciduous tooth?
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A deciduous tooth that is still in place after it should have fallen out. In some cases, both a deciduous and a permanent tooth will be visible at the same location
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At what age will most cats and dogs have a full mouth of permanent teeth?
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By about 6 months
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Incisors (I)
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Teeth at the front of the mouth which are responsible for prehension of food
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Canines (C)
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The larger fang like teeth at the front of the mouth distal to the incisors. They are responsible for grabbing and tearing in carnivorous species
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Premolars (P)
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The multicusped teeth just distal to the canines used for grinding and chewing food. Carnasial is another name given to the upper 4 th premolar in dogs/cats
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Molars (M)
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The next set of multicusped teeth distal to the premolars. They are also used for grinding and chewing food
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How many deciduous teeth do dogs have?
What is the formula? |
- 28
- 2(Di3/3, Dc1/1, Dp3/3) |
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How many permanent teeth do dogs have?
What is the formula? |
- 42
- 2(I3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M2/3) |
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How many deciduous teeth do cats have?
What is the formula? |
- 26
- 2(Di3/3, Dc1/1, Dp3/2) |
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How many permanent teeth do cats have?
What is the formula? |
- 30
- 2(I3/3, C1/1, P3/2, M1/1) |
