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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TERM
Define Function: |
to perform ADLS in ones env and to accuratley percieve and interact with the environment
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TERM
Define Dysfunction: |
to not be able to live like one wants; having impairments in ADL independence
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TERM
Primary Aging: |
Normal Aging determined by ones genetic makeup, and that function is not considered impaired
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What is CUPID
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An acronym that gives us the criteria to determine PRIMARY AGING
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What does the acronym CUPID stand for?
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Cummulative
Universal Progressive Intrinsic Deleterious (harmful effects) |
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TERM
Defind SECONDARY AGING: |
Abnormal changes, caused by disease process. There is impairment or dysfunction
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What is the 1% rule
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that at the age of 30 we start losing 1% of function per year.
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
COGNITION: crystallized vs fluid intelligence, which declines quicker? what type of aging is this? |
crystallized declines quicker- This is PRIMARY AGING
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
COGNITION: Decline typically occurs...? what type of aging is this? |
PRIMARY AGING it is gradual, ability-specific, selective, and/or global- NOT catastrophically
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
COGNITION: What is catastrophic decline, and what type of aging is it? |
Sudden memory loss due to illness, meds, poor nutrition, neurological infarcts. This is SECONDARY aging
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
SKIN: What are PRIMARY aging chgs? |
*Decreased blood supply, elasticity and resillience of collagen
*Atrophy of subcutaneous layer (loss of fat) *Hormonal changes |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
SKIN: What is the result of decreased blood supply...? |
wrinkles
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
SKIN: What is the result of Atrophy of the subcutaneous layer? |
-hard to regulate body temp
-thin face, sunken eyes -bruise, blotches, spots -reddened tongue -shrinkage of gums -thinner, finer hair -sparse patterns of hair growth -slow-growing & brittle nails -decreased ability to sweat |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
SKIN: What is the result of hormonal changes? |
loss of body hair for men and increased facial hair for women
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
SKIN: What causes SECONDARY aging? |
exposure to the sun: damages elastic fibers, cause wrinkled, dried, and tough skin textures
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Cardiovascular System: What are the 2 major PRIMARY aging changes? |
Stuctural and Functional changes
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Cardiovascular System: What are Structural changes? |
*Heart is stiffer/less elastic causing thickened heart valves (Make heart contraction difficult)
*Heart becomes fattier: mass and volume increase (possible artherosclerosis) *Arteries calcify and lose elasticity (reduced stress response to activities) *ventricles become thickened, fibrous (result in arrhythmias) |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Cardiovascular System: What are the Functional changes |
*Decr max heart rate
*decr cardiac contraction *decr vol of blood pumped *decr in cardiac output at rest *reduced blood supply to org *reduced supply of oxblood (causing fatigue) |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Cardiovascular System: What is the SECONDARY aging change? |
Atheroscelosis (common form of arteriosclerosis): causes HTN, MI CHF, TIA's
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Skeletal System: What are the PRIMARY aging changes? |
*Reduced height
*Stiff joints, decr spinal mobility *Decr bone mass |
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At what age does bone mass peak and at what rate does it erode?
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40; 5%/year
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Skeletal System: What are the SECONDARY aging changes? |
Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis
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What is the incidence of osteoporosis for women/men?
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Women: 50% over 65
Men: 20% over 70 |
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What are the influencing factors of bone mass?
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*gender
*diet (lo calcium, hi alcohol/caffeine) *activity (insufficient wt bearing) *smoking *estrogen deficiency |
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What is osteoarthritis?
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deformed/unstable joints
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Why does osteoarthritis result?
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from worn cartilage and weak ligaments.
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What can occur because of osteoarthritis?
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subluxation or fusion of a joint
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When osteoarthritis extends to weight bearing joints, what happens?
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It becomes leading cause for physical disablity (more than coronary artery disease)
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What is the incidence of osteoarthritis in those over >65
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50% will have impairments
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What are the interventions for osteoarthritis?
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-strengthening ex
-anti-inflammatory/pain meds -modalities (in acute no heat) -AE |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Muscular System: What is the PRIMARY aging change? |
MS mass declines from 43% (normal) to 25%
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What are the results of MS mass decline
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*reduced strength
*shorter-than-avg step length *wider walking base *slower reaction time |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Muscular System: When does SECONDARY aging changes occur? |
Occurs during any acute illness that restricts mobility
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At what rate is MS mass & strength reduced when immobilized (in bed)?
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5% DAILY!
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For each day of bed rest, ________reconditionig is necessary.
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2 WEEKS! for EACH DAY of bed rest
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What is the PRIMARY aging change? |
Loss in frontal, temporal occipital& parietal lobe
cerebellum hippcampus decline in brain weight by 5% to 17% thickening of dura mater excessive cerebrospinal fluid Size reduction in brain stem & spinal cord Loss of gray matter |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What is the result of frontal lobe loss? |
cognition, personality changes
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What is the result of temporal lobe loss? |
speech, hearing
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What is the result of occipital lobe loss? |
vision, up to 50% loss
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What is the result of parietal lobe loss? |
sensory loss up to 33%
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What is the result cereballum loss? |
balance, coordination
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What is the result of hippocampus loss? |
memory function
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What are the SECONDARY AGING changes? |
-Alzheimers
-Parkinsons -Dementia |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: What is the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimers? |
4th leading cause of death in the US
3% of 65-74 yr olds get it 18% of 74-84 yr olds get it 47% of >85 yr olds get it |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Neurological System: How does Parkinson's rank as a degenerateive disease? |
2nd most common
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Sensory System: What are the affects on gustatory? |
-decr salivation (dry mouth)
-decr ability to taste salt and sweets (50% loss of taste buds) |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Sensory System: What are the affects on olfactory? |
Decr sensitivity to smell (40%)
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Why is olfactory so important to health and/or well being?
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lack of smell reduces desire to eat
and ability to smell poison gas leaks or other toxic inhalants |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Sensory System: What are the affects on Tactile? |
Reduced tactie sensation in fingetips, palms and LE
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Why is tactile sensory important to health and well being?
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to be able to feel cold, heat, deep pain and position (proprioception)
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Sensory System: What are the affects on kinesthetic? |
decline in perceiving chg in body position and orientation
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why is it important to perceive body position or orientation?
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to prevent falls
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Sensory System: What are PRIMARY CHGS in vision? |
-decr elasticity in the lens begins
-Lens clouding -Night vision difficult -decr visual acuity -sensitive to glare |
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At what age does the decrease elasticity in the lens begin?
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40, but nealy eveyone >65
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What age group is affected the most by lens clouding?
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95% of >65 yr olds
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Sensory System: What is a SECONDARY CHG on vision? |
Cataracts (controversial if this is a primary that is an exaggerated normal aging chg, or precipitated by unprotected exposure
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Sensory System: What are prevalences and incidences of Hearing changes? |
-3rd most common chronic condition
-affects men more than women -affects 33% of all 65-74 yr olds -affects 75% of 75-79 yr olds |
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SPECIFIC CHANGES:
Sensory System: What are the results of hearing chgs? |
-Impaired discrimination
-impaired hi frequency -impaired tone threshold -decr socialization/depression |
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What does Impaired discrimination result in?
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difficulty in word discrimination, may need to lip read
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What does impaired hi frequency result in?
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difficulty hearing in noisy places
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What does impaired hi tone threshold result in?
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Can't hear hi frequency speech, especially consonant sounds
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Primary changes:
Respiratory system: What are the respiratory primary changes? |
resp infections
decreases ox supply |
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Respiratory System:
What are the 4 reasons for decreased oxy supply |
1 calcification of rib cartilage
2 decline in lung tissue elasticity 3 dexline in the elasticity of MS that support the lungs 4 reduced # of cilia |
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REspiratory System:
What is a reason forresp infections occur? |
decline in body fluid composition, which affects the body's moist mucus membranes (elder have 50% vs 80% at birth)
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What are the Secondary Aging changes in Respiratory Sys?
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1 Inf caused from environmental pollutants (can cause COPD)
2 The reshaping of the thorax and reduced lung expansion due to osteoporosis and kyphosis 3 Due to poor chest MS strength, ineffective coughs can cause pneumonia and chronic bronchitis |
