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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 categories of Aging:
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60-74 young old
74-84 middle old 85-above old old |
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Name 2 factors that contribute to the projected increase in the number of older adults:
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aging of the baby boom generation (1946-1964)
growth of the population segment over the age of 85 |
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Geriatrics
Gerontology Gerontological nursing |
branch of medicine that deals w/diagnosis/tx of diseased of older adults
aging process assessment |
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Name common myths of older adults:
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not interested in sex
forgetful confused bored unfriendly can't learn new info mistaken ideas about living/financial situations |
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Older adult teach stategies:
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ready to learn
sit facing client speak slowly keep tone low present ideas one at a time (important to least important) environment free of distractions invite family use audio, visual a & tactile ask for feedback use past experience to connect w/new knowledge support positive self image |
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define ageism:
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discrimination against people b/c of increasing age
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Define the biological theories of aging:
Stochastic: nonstochastic: |
views aging as a result of random cell damage that occurs over time which leads to physical changes (characteristics of aging process)
Genetically programmed physiological mechanisms within the body control aging process |
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Name 3 psychosocial theories:
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disengagement theory
activity theory continuity theory |
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Disengagement theory: (oldest theory)
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engage in more introspective, self-focused activities
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The Activity Theory:
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continuation of activities performed during middle age as necessary for successful aging
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Continuity Theory:
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aka developmental theory
personality remains the same/behavior becomes more predictable |
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Define Convalescence
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recovery
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Symptoms of Fever in an older adult include:
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not all have fevers.
Symptoms: increased respiratory rate, falls, incontinence or confusion |
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Signs and symptoms of pain in older adults w/ Dementia?
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non-verbal cues:
grimacing or resistance to care |
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Common manifestations of myocardial infarction in the older adult:
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dyspnea, confusion, anxiety
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Signs/Symptoms of urinary tract infections of an older adult:
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confusion, incontinence, falls instead of fever, dysuria, frequency or urgency
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Signs/Symptoms of Pneumonia:
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tachycardia, tachypnea, confusion w/ decreased appetite & functioning,
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Examples of lab values that increase with the aging process include:
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alkaline phosphatase
serum cholesterol triglycerides serum glucose serum uric acid |
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Examples of lab values that decrease with the aging process include:
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serum calcium
serum creatine kinase creatine clearance |
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What are early indicators of an acute illness in older adults:
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change in mental status
falls dehydration decreased appetite loss of function dizziness incontinence |
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General survey
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begins at initial nurse-client encounter
head-to-toe assessment |
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What are the risk factors for urinary incontinence?
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age
menopause diabetes hysterectomy stroke & obesity |
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Give examples of acute illnesses:
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pneumonia
urinary tract infection dehydration electrolyte imbalances delirium |
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Give examples of chronic illnesses:
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worsening of diabetes
cardiovascular disease chronic lung disease |
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What is the onset of:
Delirium Dementia Depression |
sudden/abrupt (hours -<month)
Insidious/slow (months-years) happens w/ major life changes, abrupt (6 weeks-years) |
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Older adults have a hard time distinguishing between what 2 colors:
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green & blue
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Name preventative measures for the older adult:
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screening activities (BP, mammography, depression, vision/hearing test)
exercise weight reduction easting low-fat, well-balanced diet dental visits smoking cessation Immunization (influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia) |
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immunization for pneumonia
pneumococcal pneumonia -over ? tetanus- every ___ years |
65
10 years |
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Hypertension is diagnosed when repeated BP measurements of ____ mmHg or > for diastolic & ____ mmHg or > for systolic are present.
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90
140 |
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Name risk factors for hypertension and coronary artery disease include:
Nursing Interventions: |
smoking, obesity, lack of exercise and stress
smoking cessation, diet, exercise, limiting salt/fat, stress management |
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Nursing interventions for fall patients:
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change position slowly
rearrange furniture clear pathway night-light in bathroom p/u throw rugs canes, walkers and wheelchairs |
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Why are older adults at risk for adverse drug effects?
Collectively referred to as what process? |
changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion of drugs
pharmacokinetics |
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Define Polypharmacy?
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concurrent use of many medicaitons
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The sedatives/tranquilizers are sometimes prescribed to acutely confused older adults sometimes cause or ?
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exacerbate confusion
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When confusion varies from time of day or is r/t environmental factors use creative, ?
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nonpharmacolgical measures (adequate light, assistive devices: glasses hearing aids, telephone calls to friends or family for reassurance)
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What does touch provide:
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sensory stimulation
relaxation physical/emotional comfort orients the person to reality shows warmth commuincates interest |
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Define reality orientation?
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communication tool to make older adult aware of time, place and person
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Define Validation Therapy?
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alternate approach to communication w/ a confused client--by agree with the description of time/place as stated by the confused client
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Non-medical causes of delirium include placement:
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unfamiliar surroundings
bed rest separation from supportive family members stress |
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Name causes of transient urinary incontinence?
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delirium
untreated urinary tract infection excessive urine production medications depression restricted mobility constipation and stool impaction |
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The cause of falls is typically intrinsic. Give examples:
and extrinsic. |
gait and balance problems, weakness or cognitive impairment
polypharmacy, poor lighting or cluttered environment |
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Cognitive impairment include acute, potentially _____ disorder and chronic, ____, _____ disorders.
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reversible
irreversible, progressive |
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Health promotion recommendations for older adults include:
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good nutrition
regular exercise smoking cessation reduce risk for falls reduce adverse med effects |
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Hippocampus in the brain is responsible for what memory and what happens to it when you have sustained stress?
Wear/Tear Theory |
short term
shrinks |
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Define presbyopia?
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accommodation
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Hearing loss is due to?
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otosclerosis
Presbycusis |
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Compensatory Mechanisms:
Temperature regulation-- Pain-- Wound healing--- Immune function--- |
pneumonia w/ no temp
appendicitis w/ no pain myocardial infarction-no signs delayed wound healing-delayed of cells more susceptible to infection |
