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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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desert that covers the northern third of the African continent |
sahara |
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origins of humanity lie in this continent |
africa |
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homo sapiens |
modern humans |
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what best characterizes the power and status of women in ancient Egypt |
Women held a relatively high status, could own property, and be public officials |
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Ancient Egypt received this influence from Nubia |
grain production and the concept of monarchy |
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ancient egyptians inluenced the development and culture of these two places |
greece and later western civilizations |
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reason nation of axum is significant |
because its people were Semitic and it became the first Christian state in sub-Saharan Africa |
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the way in which egyptians used the nile river for settlement |
They settled along the river and at its mouth |
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one of the wealthiest rulers the world has known |
Mansa Musa, a ruler of the Mali Empire in the fourteenth century |
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How extensive trade in West Africa shape political history in the region over time |
Arab merchants and the religion of Islam entered the region |
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what is true about the path a slave-once captured-took to the market in Africa |
The slaves were tied together with ropes, or had "yokes" around their necks during the journey |
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differences in slavery in america vs. africa |
Most of the slaves in the Americas were male/ Slavery in the Americas was based on race/ Most of the slaves in the Americas were used as agricultural laborers, rather than fighters or domestic servants. |
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steps the Europeans took to reduce the risk of rebellion at the slave factories in Africa |
Families and ethnic groups were separated |
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characteristics of a typical slave ship |
Slaves were separated by gender to prevent rebellion/ Slave captains packed their ships as tightly as possible to maximize profit/ Mortality rates were very high, due to unsanitary conditions and the rapid spread of disease |
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nation that ousted the domination status of spain and portugal in the early slave trade with africa in the early 17th century |
holland |
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Why the British wanted to take over the slave trade in the late 17th century |
They needed labor for tobacco cultivation in Virginia and Maryland |
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amount of slaves the British were able to transport to the Americas when the demand for slaves was the highest |
In the 1790s, the British moved approximately 50,000 slaves from Africa to the Americas |
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common way for slaves to rebel or resist their imprisonment on slave ships |
by refusing to eat/ organizing and carrying out bloody, violent rebellions/ by drowning themselves |
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How African women's experiences differed from African men's on board slave ships |
African women experienced sexual violence by the ships' crews. This high level of violence, and its psychological effects, may have led to their lessened sex drives once the women arrived in the Caribbean and Latin America. |
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where most of the slaves from africa went |
to Brazil, to work on the sugar plantations |
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scholar/philosopher that was an influence on Enlightenment thought in Europe |
John Locke |
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what Benjamin Banneker is well known for |
He was the first black civilian employee of the American government |
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How Banneker attempted to change Jefferson's ideas about black people |
He sent Jefferson a copy of his almanac, and debated racial theories with him |
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factor that led to the abolition of slavery in the North |
The North's economy was not as dependent on slavery as was the South's |
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Crispus Attucks |
one of the people who died after accosting British soldiers at the Boston Massacre |
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What is true about blacks and the Patriot cause during the Revolution |
All thirteen states initially forbid blacks from serving in their armies/ Blacks served on the Patriot side in many important battles and assisted in the cause/ Blacks often pressed for freedom as their price for fighting for the Patriot cause. |
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major combatants during the French and Indian War |
the French and their Indian allies versus the British, their Indian allies, and the colonists |
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why most whites did not want blacks to enlist in the army |
They believed both that blacks were too cowardly, and that it would inspire rebellion. |
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How Phillis Wheatley distinguished herself |
as a poet |
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what is true about life for black soldiers during the Revolution |
They risked their lives as spies behind enemy lines/ Black men fought at nearly every major battle throughout the war/ A black did have the opportunity, although rare, to become an officer. |
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first anti-slavery organization in the world formed by |
Quakers |
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Manumission |
The act of a “master” freeing a “slave” |
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where Free African Society was established |
Philadelphia |
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what the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 did |
provide rules and regulations for the sale of land/ Support public education/ Provide ways for the area to form states and come into the union |
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the result of the Three-Fifths Clause in the Constitution |
It gave the South increased political power on the basis of people who did not have any say in government |
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earliest Black community institutions |
Mutual aid societies |
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relationship between quakers and slaves |
quakers owned slaves |
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what mother bethel became |
African Methodists Episcopal Church |
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what White Americans had practically forgotten Regarding Black military service during the War of 1812 |
Blacks' heroism and service during the American Revolution |
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Why cotton production was an important development in the continuation of slavery in the South |
Demand for cotton skyrocketed and enslaved Blacks were needed to harvest it |
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aspect of enslaved children |
often playmates for White children |
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class division endured by enslaved persons |
Field Hands/ House servants/Thrashers and millers |
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What can be easily said about biracial children on a slave plantation |
They were generally treated better by the "slave master" but were still considered "slaves" |
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what was true about slaves and land |
Some of the enslaved were given small patches of land to grow their own food. And in some instances they could sell what they grew |
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blacks and their experience with christianity |
Slave owner encouraged conversion hoping that it would make their "slaves" more docile/ "Slaves" were reluctant to embrace it at first, but began converting/ They infused it with traditional African religion |
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blacks and marriage |
blacks could sometimes get married |
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paddy rollers |
Local individuals who enforced punishment on those Blacks caught outside of their master's plantation without permission |
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What the Democratic Party and the Whig Party had in common |
They were both led by slaveholders, and neither really championed black rights. |
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some of the results of racial segregation |
Blacks lived in segregated communities in northern cities |
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results of inadequate public funding for black schools in the North |
Many northerners, even those who favored abolition, thought that black students were poorer intellectually/ Teaching suffered, since the pay was so low/ White teachers refused to teach there at all. |
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What is true of the free black population in America from the period from 1820 to 1860 |
More women than men were free. |
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Where the largest free black urban populationwas in the period between 1820 and 1860 |
Philadelphia |
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How the free black family in the North changed in the time period between 1820 and 1860 |
More became single-parent households, with women heading them |
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Where the two largest African Methodist Episcopal churches were |
New York City and Philadelphia |
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"black laws" |
laws that made it more difficult for blacks to come into an area |
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types of jobs black women were able to find |
domestic servants or seamstresses |
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What was true about blacks and admission to institutions of higher learning |
It was often easier to come by than primary education. |
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what best describes the two Antislavery movements that emerged in America |
The southern movement focused mainly on freeing the enslaved individually rather than abolishing slavery outright |
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Why some Blacks began to oppose colonization |
They felt that they were Americans and entitled to all the rights of Whites |
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how William Lloyd Garrison changed the nature of the antislavery movement |
He called for the immediate abolition of slavery, along with a commitment to racial justice |
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group who initiated first antislavery society in philadelphia |
quakers |
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What "first" female abolitionist leader Maria Stewart accomplished |
She was the first American woman to address male audiences in public |
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Gabrielle conspiracy |
It was in abortive slave revolt that influenced the revolutionary spirit among those who which to abolish slavery |
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the role White southerners thought that free Blacks played in slave revolts |
White southerners thought that free Blacks were an extremely dangerous element, and responsible for inciting slaves to rebellion |
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Why some Blacks endorsed returning to Africa |
They felt that they could bring Christianity to the continent |
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difference between Gabriel's Rebellion and Vesey's Rebellion |
Vesey included more elements of religion in his plot |
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result of Vesey's Conspiracy |
The state legislature passed laws forbidding slaves to read, banning their assembly, and jailing black sailors while their ships were docked |
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what is true about the riots during the 1830s and the 1840s |
They grew in number as the abolitionist movement grew. |
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frequent targets of anti-Black mobs |
Buildings and neighborhoods where Blacks resided |
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what is true about black in the aass |
often refused leadership roles |
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Black abolitionists did to show their loyalty and affection for William Lloyd Garrison |
Paid for his speaking tour/ Provided financial support for his newspaper/ Served as his bodyguards |
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the usual destination for the enslaved on the underground railroad |
canada |
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How Douglass differed from his colleagues who favored Black nationalism |
Douglass believed that Blacks would eventually blend into American society. |
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what the underground railroad was known as prior to its growth |
line of posts |
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how black churches were important to the abolitonist movement |
clergy attacked slavery and discrimination |
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most important Black institution in the antislavery movement |
churches |
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What the eventual effect was of the Black nationalistic efforts |
They really had little effect, since the antislavery movement eventually achieved its goal. |
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main principle the Know-Nothing Party organized around |
To protect "American" values from immigrants |
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Why most northern Whites opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories |
They felt that it would hurt them economically, since the slaveholders would have an unfair advantage by not having to pay for labor. |
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How the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 strengthened previous laws |
They law would punish (by fines or imprisonment) ordinary citizens who failed to help capture runaways |
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Republicans' position on slavery during the 1860 election |
The Republicans were opposed to any expansion of slavery in the territories, but said they would not challenge it where it already existed |
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What the story of Margaret Garner tells us about fugitive slaves |
Some despised slavery so much that they were willing to kill their children rather than have them grow up as slaves |
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How African-American antislavery advocates respond to the new Fugitive Slave Law |
With outrage, they demanded that supporters disobey the law or resort to violence |
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How William and Ellen Craft escaped from slavery |
Ellen passed for a sickly white man, accompanied by "his" slave, William. |
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How "popular sovereignty" worked in Kansas? |
Kansas became "Bleeding Kansas," where both pro- and antislavery forces engaged in acts of violence and terrorism. |
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How Black volunteers were greeted by the United States government in 1861 |
The government refused to enlist them |
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First Confiscation Act of 1861 |
It allowed the North to seize only the enslaved who were used to benefit the Confederacy |
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How Lincoln changed the nature of the war with the Emancipation Proclamation |
It became a war to free all enslaved persons. The North gained the moral advantage |
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How did southerners reacted to Black troops fighting for the Union |
They generally refused to recognize them as prisoners of war, and instead attempted to treat them like "escaped slaves." |
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the effect of the Emancipation Proclamation on the South |
It stopped chances for an alliance between the Confederacy and either Britain or France/ More enslaved persons began to run away, dramatically affecting the South's war effort and morale/ It weakened the South's ability to fight the war |
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Lincoln's initial aim of the Civil War when it began in 1861 |
To preserve the Union, without regard to ending slavery |
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How the 54th Massachusetts was different from the South Carolina regiments |
The 54th was composed mainly of free, rather than enslaved Blacks. |
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Blacks who served in the Navy as opposed to those who service in the Army |
Blacks had a tradition of continuously serving in the Navy in substantial numbers. |
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Where did Congress attempt to send African Americans during 1863 and 1864 |
Ile à Vache |
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What Harriet Tubman and Mary Elizabeth Bowser had in common about their activities during the Civil War |
Both were Black women who led helpful spying efforts on the Confederacy for the Union. |
