Africa/latin America Exam Study Guide

Front 1

AFRICA:
In ancient times,the ___________
____________ was when people who needed more land for food spread out in Africa.

Back 1

Bantu Migration

Front 2

AFRICA:
The West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai grew rich from the trans-Sahara trade of ____ for ____.
________ was the major trading city.

Back 2

gold for salt; Timbuktu

Front 3

AFRICA/RELIGION:
What was the traditional African belief that there are spirits in nature? And what was that similar to in other parts of the world?

Back 3

animism;
Shintoism in Japan, Taoism in China

Front 4

AFRICA:
Who was the Muslim leader of Mali who made the trip (hajj) to Mecca?
What was this an example of?

Back 4

Mansa Musa;
cultural diffusion

Front 5

THE AMERICAS:
How did the first people get to the Americas?

Back 5

They crossed from Asia on the frozen land bridge, then spread across the Americas.

Front 6

Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas were ___________ civilizations before the Europeans arrived.

Back 6

advanced

Front 7

What was the COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE?
This meant lots of ___________.

Back 7

The exchange of goods and ideas from continent-to-continent after Columbus;
cultural diffusion

Front 8

After the Spanish came to America, why were they able to defeat the Native Americans?

Back 8

better weapons

Front 9

What happened to many Native Americans after the Spanish came?

Back 9

Many died from diseases they were not immune to.

Front 10

Under the _______ system, Native Americans were forced to work on plantations. Because there were not enough Native Americans, the Spanish _____________________.

Back 10

encomienda;
brought slaves from Africa to Latin America to provide labor.

Front 11

Describe the social structure in Latin America under Spanish rule.

Back 11

It was very rigid.
Peninsulares (born in Spain) on top;
then creoles (children of Spanish);
then mixtures (mestizos and mulattoes);
at bottom were Native Americans and black slaves.

Front 12

Independence in L.Amer.:
Their desire for independence was an example of ___________.
Leaders?

Back 12

nationalism;
BOLIVAR (most important), de San Martin, Hidalgo, L'Ouverture

Front 13

Independence in L. Amer:
Bolivar and other leaders relied on ideas from the ________ and followed examples set by the ______ and ______ Revolutions.

Back 13

Enlightenment;
American and French

Front 14

IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA:
What did imperialist Europeans want from Africa?

Back 14

natural resources and markets to sell their goods to

Front 15

IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA: Europeans met at the ____________ to divide up Afriica among themselves;
Did they consider tribal boundaries?

Back 15

Berlin Conference;
no

Front 16

L. AMER.:
Who were caudillos?

Back 16

After L. Amer. countries had won independence from Spain, caudillos were military strongmen/dictators who controlled their areas.

Front 17

L. AMER.:
After winning independence, L. American economies faced hard times because they relied heavily on a ________________.

Back 17

cash crop economy- relied too often on one crop or even a few crops. This left the economy unstable in the event of drought or crop failure.

Front 18

AFRICAN NATIONALISM:
Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana and Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya were African nationalist leaders who led their countries to win ______________.

Back 18

independence

Front 19

AFRICAN NATIONALISM:
After World War II (mostly 1950's-60's), many African nations gained their ___________

Back 19

independence

Front 20

SOUTH AFRICA:
What was the policy of racial segregation and discrimination against blacks?
Who was the leader who worked to end this policy?

Back 20

apartheid;
Nelson Mandela

Front 21

MODERN AFRICA:
What is one of the major problems facing Africa?

Back 21

Tribal loyalties often conflict with national interests. Tribal conflicts have even led to violence and genocide.

Front 22

MODERN AFRICA:
What is Pan-Africanism?

Back 22

the idea that African nations should work together to solve their problems

Front 23

MODERN LATIN AMERICA:
What island nation that became communist in 1959 has tried to spread communism throughout the region?
Who was the leader of that country?

Back 23

Cuba;
Fidel Castro

Front 24

MODERN LATIN AMERICA:
During the last 10 years or so, many nations in L. America have become ______________.

Back 24

democracies