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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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America Letters |
Letters detailing that America is a great country, if you're white |
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Chain Migration |
Immigrants come to a country in different waves, beginning with a single person, then their family, then friends, and then bigger groups |
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Sojourners |
Immigrants who come temporarily |
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Push-Pull Theory |
There are factors in one country that push people away, and in the other country that pull them in |
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Potato Famine |
1840s; Irish potato crop, which they heavily relied on, developed a parasite and was demolished |
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Irish American Maids |
Job given to most female immigrants from Ireland who wanted to easily blend into American society |
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African American & Irish American Tension |
Irish complained that Blacks should not be given jobs in a "White" country; Blacks complained that Irish took jobs from natural-born citizens |
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Draft Riots |
Irish angered over being drafted into the Civil War to fight for Black freedom |
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Lowell's Pemberton Mill |
1860; Mill collapsed and caught on fire, killing 88 |
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Tammany Hall |
Center of political machines in New York; notoriously corrupt William Tweed |
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Political Machines |
Organization that controlled majority of the politics Honest: Favored Irish majority Dishonest: Favored Irish because they belonged to the ethnicity |
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Progressives |
Political party that favored moving away from agrarian society, wanted a centralized government, and favored middle class |
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Moral fervor |
Idea that reform was guided by evangelical feelings |
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Irish American Labor Union |
Dominated many labor unions by 1880s; Knights of St. Crispin |
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Twisting the British Lion's Tail |
Idea that putting down the British was necessary to gain political power & favoritish |
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Forty-Eighters |
German flight of immigration; escaping fascism & growing militarism in Germany; failed revolutionists |
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Know-Nothing Party |
American party against immigration of Catholics; occasional mass violence against immigrants |
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Hansens' Law |
The son wishes to remember what the father wants to forget; first generation usually wants to move on and forget life before immigration, second generation wants to embrace their history |
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Industrial Workers of the World "Wobblies" |
Seattle Union of Scandinavian workers |
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Populism |
De-centralize government, minimum wage standard, local control of large enterprises
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Opium War |
US introduced Opium into China to increase trade; China tried to destroy it |
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Canton |
Merchant area of Southern China Where most immigrants come from Did all of the fighting of Opium War |
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Toison |
Rural region of Canton, mostly farmers in desperate need of work; immigrated to US |
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Chinoiserie |
Creation of "authentic" Chinese goods in Europe; more and more people wanted Chinese goods |
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Treaty of Nanjing |
At end of Opium War, China was forced to open 5 ports up to British trade, cede Hong Kong, pay for the lost opium and limit taxes on British imports |
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Gold Mountain |
Nickname of America; where gold was discovered |
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Credit Ticket System |
Desperate immigrants worked to pay off their debt to white workers |
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Shanghaied |
Coerced into work, usually prostitution, out of desperation |
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Lack of Chinese females in US |
Danger of prostitution, men were believed to only be immigrating temporarily, females bound culturally and it was expensive |
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Page Law |
1952; Laws against prostitutes coming to America |
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Sucheng Chan's 7 Types of Hostility |
1. prejudice 2. economic discrimination 3. social segregation 4. incarceration 5. political disenfranchisement 6. physical violence 7. naturalization ban/exclusion |
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Scientific Racism |
The idea that one's genes determined racial inferiority/superiority |
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Edward Allen Ross |
Despised Chinese southerners; created cockroach theory & race suicide theory |
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Race Suicide |
Letting Chinese immigrate would kill off the whites; they would outlive them; they were like cockroaches |
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James Duval Phelan |
San Fransisco government official in favor of relocating Chinatown after the Great Earthquake and Fire |
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William Graham Sumner |
Created social darwinism; the idea that poor people are to blame for their condition |
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Chinese "yellow peril" |
Population takeover |
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1852 Foreign Miner's Tax |
Chinese forced to pay $3 |
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Transcontinental Railroad |
Western portion completed by Chines; employed majority of Chinese |
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Central Pacific Railroad Strike |
1867; Employer cut off workers' food supply and they returned to work after a short time |
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Ling Sing v. Washburn |
Ling went to court for miners tax against Chinese; Supreme Court decided Chinese could not be singled out |
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1868 Burlingame Treaty |
Allowed more Chinese to immigrate to US than previously allowed |
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Rock Springs Massacre |
White strikers attacked Chinese after they refused to join strike for higher wages in the mine |
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1870 Civil Rights Act |
Included a section to protect Chinese in legal matters & overturned Foreign Miners' Tax |
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Bachelor Society |
Chinese immigrants living in Chinatowns with gambling and prostitution |
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Chinese Six Companies |
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Society; company associations that supported each other economically and socially |
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Laundry Tax |
San Francisco tax charging $2 for people with one horse, $4 for two horses, and $15 for no horse, or more than 2
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Sidewalk Ordinance |
Banned using a stick across shoulders to carry buckets |
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Queue Ordinance |
Banned traditional queues that Chinese required to return home |
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Rotating Credit System |
Organizations and associations supported each other financially in helping others start their businesses |
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Hawaiian Sugar Planter's Association |
White labor union in Hawaii |
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Chinatowns |
Localized areas where Chinese gathered, lived, and started businesses |
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Industrial Revolution |
US moved away from agrarian economy, laborers replaced by machines, Chinese blamed for taking White jobs |
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Alaskan Canneries |
Chinese (and others) followed the jobs around the coast, Alaskan salmon canneries |
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Iron Chink |
Tool developed by Chinese for efficiently cutting salmon |
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Unionism |
Chinese joined unions |
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Agrarian Revolt |
Angered farmers revolted against Chinese taking their jobs |
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1882 Chinese Exclusion Act |
Chinese restricted from entering US based on fear of population takeover, job takeover, excess of labor |
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Angel Island |
Interrogation center for Chinese immigrants claiming to be American-born citizens |
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Paper Sons |
Chinese children brought to US based on "destruction" of their files |
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1906 San Fran earthquake |
Created a fire that destroyed the city's citizenship records |
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Commodore Matthew Perry |
Challenged Japan's isolationism; recommended following Western way |
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Meiji Restoration |
Against China's example, Japan tried to westernize, and industrialize their economy Became industrial and military power |
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1904 Resolution by HSPA |
Only US citizens could hold skilled positions (Not Asians because of 1790 Naturalization Act) |
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Japanese Blood Union |
Labor unions organized by ethnic identity; 1909 strike against racial discrimination in the pay |
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Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907-1908 |
Restricted some Japanese into the US, but allowed for picture brides to be let in |
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Ladies' Agreement of 1920 |
Banned immigration of picture brides |
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Picture Brides |
Japanese men and women exchanged pictures and held "marriages" in Japan; more female immigrants |
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Japanese yellow peril |
Economic and military takeover |
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Alien Land Laws |
Only US citizens could buy land |
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1924 Exclusion Act AKA Johnson Reed Act |
First official exclusion act against all Asians and Pacific Islanders |
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Syngman Rhee |
Korean leader who had a friendship with President Wilson |
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Pai Chai Missionary School |
Students allowed to immigrate |
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Sikhs |
Asian Indians in Pakistan/India/Bangladesh Previously part of British Imperial Army Left to escape British colonization of India |
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Barred Zone Act of 1917 |
Excluded immigration of anyone East of Ural Mountains; unless they could pass a literacy test |
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Asian Indian Yellow Peril |
Cultism; religious takeover |
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US v. Thind |
1922; Thind denied citizenship despite being racially Caucasian; but not socially |
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US Nationals |
Filipinos were technically US Nationals, not immigrants |
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John Kalama |
Hawaiian immigrant who settled in Washington and began businesses |
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Queen Liliuokalani |
Hawaiian queen who fought for independence, but eventually was forced to cede Hawaii to US |
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Kalakaua |
King forced to sign Bayonet Constitution |
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Bayonet Constitution |
Agreed to give US more power over Hawaii and lower monarchy power |
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Missionary Boys |
American missionaries owned plantations in Hawaii and made up the Hawaiian League |
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Hawaiian League |
US businessmen aiming to annex Hawaii to US |
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James Blount |
Sent by US government to observe situation in Hawaii; condemned US for their intrusive actions |
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Provisional Government of Hawaii |
Set up by US, denies the government any right to intervene (Blount's requests are ignored) |
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Republic of Hawaii |
Governing body formed by revolutionists (Americans) |
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Spanish - American War |
1894-1898; Fought on Filipino territory, resulted in purchase of Philippines by US |
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Filipino Yellow Peril |
Threat of rapists/assaults to white women |
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Roldan v. LA County |
Malays (Filipinos) could not marry white women |
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Ilocanos |
Region where Filipino immigrants came from; drought and famine |
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Tydings-McDuffie Act |
Independence to Philippines |
