Aerosol Therapy

Front 1

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the penetration and deposition aerosols in the respiratory tract?

Back 1

The rate of the mucociliary clearance

Front 2

Coalescence of liquid aerosol particles result in:

Back 2

A smaller number of larger particles

Front 3

A physician has ordered particular water aerosol therapy for a patient with cystic fibrosis having difficulty with inspissated secretions in the bronchi. What range of particle sizes would result in maximum deposition in this area

Back 3

5-8 µm

Front 4

The ability of an aerosol to remain in suspension over time is referred to as:

Back 4

Stability

Front 5

The primary mechanism for clearance of solid aerosol particles from the conducting zones of the lungs is:

Back 5

Mucociliary transport

Front 6

The WEIGHT density of an aerosol is commonly expressed in which of the following unit?

I. grams of aerosol per cubic meter (g/m3)
II. number of aerosol particles per square meter
III. milligrams of aerosol per liter (mg/L)

Back 6

I and III only

Front 7

What is a good indicator of aerosol stability?

Back 7

its mass median diameter

Front 8

Which of the following factors affect the stability of an aerosol?
I. the size and nature of the particles
II. the concentration of the particles
III. the ambient humidity
IV. the mobility of the carrier gas

Back 8

I, II, III, and IV

Front 9

The maximum depth that particles can be carried into the respiratory tract by the inhaled tidal air is referred to as:

Back 9

Penetration

Front 10

In terms of their penetration and deposition in the respiratory tract, what is the primary fate of particles in the 3 to 4 µ, size range?

Back 10

Most are deposited in the alveolar region

Front 11

Which of the following represent DISADVANTAGES of the aerosol route for drug administration?
I. rapid onset of desired therapeutic effect
II. requires patient cooperation for optimum delivery
III. high percentage of deposition in oropharynx
IV. potential source of nosocomial infection

Back 11

II, III, and IV

Front 12

Hypertonic saline solutions are often used for sputum induction. What is the primary physiological rationale underlying the use of hypertonic saline as the aerosol medium for sputum induction?

Back 12

It draws fluid out from the mucosa, increasing secretion volume

Front 13

Following removal of an endotracheal tube, cool (unheated) water aerosol therapy would be indicated to prevent which of the following?
I. laryngeal edema
II. inflammation
III. aspiration

Back 13

I and II only

Front 14

A physican’s order specifies a goal of mobilizing retained secretions in a patient with chronic respiratory disease (intact upper airway). What humidity/aerosol therapy approaches would you recommend in addition to the other forms of bronchial hygiene?

Back 14

administration of a bland water aerosol heated to BTPS

Front 15

Objectives of aerosol therapy include which of the following?
I. to provide humidfication to the respiratory tract
II. to serve as an adjuct for mobilization of secretions
III. to provide a route for drug administration

Back 15

I, II, and III

Front 16

Sputum induction techniques may be used:
I. to gather specimens for cytologic examination
II. to serve as an adjuct for mobilization of secretions
III. to gather specimens for microbiological diagnosis

Back 16

I and III only

Front 17

Which of the following are components of an ultrasonic nebulizer?
I. Electronic module (power pack)
II. Air entrainment orifice
III. Nebulizer chamber
IV. Piezoelectric transducer
V. Blower or fan

Back 17

I, III, IV, and V

Front 18

Application of ultrasonic nebulizers should probably be limited to which of the following clinical situations?
I. Intermittent use for facilitating mobilization of secretions
II. As a means to administer aerosolized pharmacological agents
III. To stimulate cough for diagnostic purposes (sputum induction)
IV. To provide continuous humidification to the respiratory tract

Back 18

I and III only

Front 19

The maximum density (mg/L) produced by clinical ultrasonic nebulizers is about:

Back 19

500 mg/L

Front 20

Which of the following nebulizers require an electrical power source in order to generate an aerosol?
I. Centrifugal nebulizer
II. Small particle aerosol generator
III. Ultrasonic nebulizer
IV. Large volume jet nebulizer

Back 20

I and III only

Front 21

Which of the following types of nebulizers can produce the highest density aerosol suspension?

Back 21

an ultrasonic nebulizer

Front 22

Aerosol suspension produced by an ultrasonic nebulizer has a MMD of approximately:

Back 22

6 µm

Front 23

A patient is receiving ultrasonic treatments to help mobilize secretions. Although helpful toward this end, the patient tends to develop persistent wheezing at the end of her treatment sessions. What would you recommend to the ordering physician?

Back 23

Administer a bronchodilator before treatments

Front 24

The organisms most commonly associated with contamination of clinical aerosol generators are:

Back 24

gram negative bacilli

Front 25

Hazards of aerosol therapy include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. airway reactivity/bronchospasm
b. spread of bacterial infections
c. overhydration/fluid imbalances
d. Pharmacologic side effects
e. Loss of body fluids/dehydration

Back 25

Loss of body fluids/dehydration

Front 26

The potential for drug reconcentration during aerosol therapy can be minimized by:

Back 26

Ensuring full water vapor saturation of the carrier gas

Front 27

Which of the following patient groups are at greatest risk from continuous aerosol therapy?
I. Infants and small children
II. Patients with atelectasis
III. Patients with electrolytes imbalances
IV. Patients with pulmonary edema

Back 27

I, II, III, and IV

Front 28

Research on animal models has shown that inhalation of “bland” water or saline aerosols for prolonged periods (72 hours) can cause:
I. Atelectasis/pulmonary edema
II. Localized inflammation
III. Focal tissue abscesses
IV. Decreased serum osmolarity

Back 28

I, II, III and IV