Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the characteristics of a jet humidifier?
|
- uses Bernoulli Principle to draw gas up tube
- actually produces an aerosol that is baffled out to produce humidity - not usually heated - uncommon |
|
|
What are the characteristics of a heated cascade humidifier?
|
- uses a grid network to spread thin layer of water, through which the gas passes before delivery to patient
- gas travels down a tower through a one-way valve & grid to produce a froth - small bubbles increase surface area - liquid is heated to increase Potential Capacity - gas must be heated warm enough to be at body temp. when it reaches the patient - RH equals 100% at body temperature (IDEAL) |
|
|
What are the part functions of a heated cascade humidifier?
|
- small port at top of tower allows patient to assist a ventilation (sensing port)
- one-way valve prevents humidity from blowing back to machine |
|
|
What are the characteristics of a wick humidifier?
|
- heater (at or near body temp.) surrounds absorbent paper which soaks up water from the bottom of humidifier
- gas passes warm wet paper and water is evaporated - water level is maintained constant by a feed apparatus - at body temp. can deliver 100% body RH |
|
|
What are the characteristics of condensing type (artificial nose) humidifier?
|
- collects and uses patient's own heat and exhaled humidity to condition the inhalation that follows
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of a jet nebulizer?
|
- Bernoulli Principle: decreased pressure draws water up tube
- water sprays out, baffled into uniform size particles - allows high flow system to deliver precise FIO2 - can be heated |
|
|
What are the characteristics of a large reservoir jet nebulizer?
|
- > 250ml
- long term nebulization (50%-75% RH) |
|
|
What are the characteristics of a standard (small) jet nebulizer?
|
- < 20ml
- IPPB - primarily for short-term delivery of medication |
|
|
How does a mainstream jet nebulizer work?
|
- gas flow directly through nebulizing chamber
|
|
|
How does a sidestream jet nebulizer differ from other jet nebulizers?
|
- aerosol is not created in main gas flow
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of a Babbington nebulizer?
|
- Bernoulli Principle
- gas enters hollow glass sphere w/ hole in side of it - film over the port from dripping fluid on outer surface - gas exits ports in sphere - gas stream bursts film creating aerosol - produces high volume aerosol - particles are 3-5 microns |
|
|
How does an Ultrasonic nebulizer (USN) work?
|
- converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (vibrations)
- uses a piezoelectric disc |
|
|
What are the characteristics of a USN?
|
- current changes the shape of the disc depending upon amount applied
- shape changes are vibrations that are transferred from the couplant compartment across a dome-shaped diaphragm to the nebulizer compartment - vibrations set up waves, breaking off particles - 90% OF PARTICLES 0.5 TO 3 MICRONS - separate nebulizer & gas flow - high output: up to 6cc/min >100% relative body humidity |
|
|
What is frequency predetermined by in a USN?
|
- predetermined by FCC
- set at 1-2 megacycles/sec (usually 1.36 MHz) - not adjustable |
|
|
What are the characteristics of the amplitude in a USN?
|
- adjustable
- alter output |
|
|
What is a USN used inline with?
|
- ventilator
- IPPB - med neb - aerosol high flow systems |
|
|
What are the characteristics of a spinning disk nebulizer?
|
- uses a rotating platter
- drips fluid onto surface of the platter - centrifugal force spins the fluid off the platter, creating aerosol stream - delivers approximately 25%-75% relative body humidity - caution must be taken to avoid contamination |
|
|
What is the target value for a 100% effective large volume nebulizer?
|
- 44mg/L
|
|
|
What is the therapeutic range of an aerosol particle?
|
- between 0.5-3 microns
|
|
|
What are nebulizers a potential source of?
|
- nosocomial infections
|
|
|
What do nebulizers actually do?
|
- add fluid to the body, so patients need to be carefully monitored for fluid overload
|
|
|
What is postural drainage?
|
- positioning each segmental bronchi in a vertical position to allow gravity to drain that segment
|
|
|
What are the indications for postural drainage?
|
mobilize accumulated secretions due to
- COPD - dehydration - acute pulmonary disease prophylactically when there is a history of pulmonary problems |
|
|
What are the positions for postural drainage?
|
- Fowler's
- supine - prone - trendelenburg - sims/left lateral |
|
|
Postural drainage of right upper lobe?
|
- apical: Fowler's at 45 degrees
- anterior: head of bed flat, patient supine - posterior: head of bed flat, patient 1/4 or higher from prone right side up |
|
|
Postural drainage of right middle lobe?
|
- medial: head of bed down 12-14", right side up, 1/4 or higher supine
- lateral: right side up, head of bed down 12-14" |
|
|
Postural drainage of right lower lobe?
|
- superior: head of bed flat, patient prone w/ pillows under abdomen
- anterior basal: head of bed down 18-20", patient supine - lateral basal: head of bed down 18-20", patient lying right side up - posterior basal: head of bed down 18-20", patient prone |
|
|
Postural drainage of left upper lobe?
|
- anterior: same as right anterior
- apical/posterior: position patient sitting and leaning forward at approximately 45 degree angle - superior & inferior lingula: head of bed down 12-14", patient left side up, 1/4 or higher |
|
|
Postural drainage of left lower lobe?
|
- superior: same as right superior
- anteromedial: same as right anterior basal - lateral basal: head of bed down 18-20", patient left side up - posterior basal: same as right posterior basal |
|
|
Why is empyema a contraindication of postural drainage?
|
- cannot be drained w/ postural drainage
- may be spread |
|
|
Why is flail chest a contraindication of postural drainage?
|
- chest movement could be harmful
|
